Italian words first recorded in the 13th century

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *glăcia, a spoken form of the classical Latin glaciēs (“ice”). The Latin feminine kept its gender in every Romance language but Italian, where the oldest texts have…

It is inherited from Latin gravis (“heavy; serious”), heavy in both the physical and the moral sense. The DEI notes that the Latin adjective survived in central and southern Italy, Sardinia, Spain…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin intentiō (“a stretching; attention; purpose”), from intendō (“to stretch towards, direct”), the source of intendere. According to DEI, the Latin noun…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin mūsica, short for an “art of the Muses”, modelled on Ancient Greek μουσική (mousikḗ) with τέχνη (tékhnē, “art”) understood. The Greek word is the feminine…

It is formed from Italian orgoglio + -oso, from the noun meaning “pride”. GRADIT compares Old Occitan orgolhos, recorded in the 12th century, and the GDLI French orgueilleux, recorded from 1080. The…

It is borrowed from Latin pavīmentum (“beaten earth floor; pavement”), a learned word. The Latin noun is formed on paviō (“to beat, to ram”) with the suffix -mentum. The inherited outcomes of the…

It is inherited from Latin pullum (“young of an animal; chick”). From the same Latin word come pulcino, pollone and pullulare. The same word is Occitan pol, Catalan poll and Spanish pollo; the…

It is inherited from Latin quartus (“fourth”), the ordinal of quattuor (“four”). The same word is Old French quart, Occitan quart, Catalan quart, Spanish cuarto, Portuguese quarto, Logudorese kartu…

1. The word for disgust is borrowed from Old French eschif (“shy, averse”), which goes back to Frankish *skiuhjan (“to fear, shun”). Nocentini makes the Old French adjective a derivative of eschiver…

It is inherited from Latin excūsō (“to excuse, justify; to plead as an excuse”), with the loss of the first syllable. The LEI counts it among the inherited words, like Friulian scusâ and Romansh…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin sēcrētus (“separated, set apart; hidden”) for the adjective and its neuter used as a noun, sēcrētum (“a secluded place; a secret thing”), for the noun. The…

It is borrowed from Latin senātor (“member of the senate”), a learned word. The Latin noun is formed on senātus (“senate”) with the agent suffix -tor. The senate was originally the assembly of…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *subrīdĕre, the classical Latin subrīdeō (“to smile”) moved from the second conjugation to the third, as ridere was. The Latin verb is formed from sub- (“under…

The origin is disputed. Nocentini and Devoto–Oli see it as borrowed from Old Occitan estanc (“exhausted”), the short past participle of estancar (“to exhaust, to dry up”), from estanc (“pool”), from…

It is inherited from Latin tēctum (“roof; house”), properly “something covered”, the past participle of tegō (“to cover”) used as a noun. The same word is French toit, Occitan tech, Spanish techo…

It is inherited from Late Latin tōrta (“round flat loaf”), the word the Vulgate (before 420) uses to translate Ancient Greek ἄρτος (ártos, “bread”), in the sense of a flat round loaf, which the…

It is inherited from Late Latin dēfēnsa (“defence”), a word Tertullian uses in place of classical Latin dēfēnsiō. The Late Latin noun was formed on dēfēnsus, the past participle of dēfendō (“to ward…

It is formed from Italian in + torno (“turn, circuit”), first written separately. Torno is a noun from tornare, from Latin tornō (“to turn on a lathe”). The same formation is Old French entor…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin medicus (“physician; healing”), from medeor (“to heal, cure”). Wiktionary takes it as inherited, but Körting and Meyer-Lübke count the Italian form as…

The singular was made in Italian from the plural ⟨paia⟩, which is inherited from Latin paria (“pairs”), the neuter plural of the adjective meaning “equal”, used as a noun. Early medieval documents…

It is inherited from Latin pĭscis (“fish”), continued from the accusative ⟨piscem⟩. The word is panromance: French poisson, Occitan peis, Catalan peix, Spanish pez, Portuguese peixe, Sardinian…

It is inherited from Latin rosa, which meant both the flower and the rosebush. The same word is French rose, Occitan rosa, Catalan rosa, Spanish rosa and Portuguese rosa. Meyer-Lübke and Körting…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin saeculum (“generation; lifetime; age; century”). In Christian Latin it also meant “mortal life, the world”, a calque of Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn, “lifetime…

It is inherited from Late Latin expēnsa (“(money) spent”), short for a phrase with pecūnia (“money”): the feminine past participle of Latin expendō (“to weigh out, pay”), used as a noun. Classical…

It is inherited from Late Latin tāliō (“to cut, prune”), recorded from the 6th century in the writings of the Roman land surveyors, a verb formed from Latin tālia, a variant of tālea (“cutting, slip…

It is inherited from Latin cultellus (“small knife”), the diminutive of culter (“knife”). When “culter” came to mean the blade of the plough and the plough itself (the source of coltro), the…

The noun is borrowed from Latin contractus (“a drawing together; an agreement”), a noun of the fourth declension formed from contrahō (“to draw together; to conclude (a bargain)”). DEI calls it a…

It is inherited from Latin pōns (“bridge”), from the accusative “pontem”. The same word is French pont, Occitan pont, Catalan pont, Spanish puente, Portuguese ponte and Romanian punte, and also…

It is inherited from Latin sāl (“salt”) through its accusative, a Latin word of Indo-European origin. The same word is French sel, Occitan sal, Catalan sal, Spanish sal, Portuguese sal, Sardinian…

The origin is uncertain. Nocentini takes it as a loan, borrowed from Old French bichier, from Vulgar Latin *bicārium (“jug, tankard”); the Latin word is confirmed by a 9th-century gloss Medieval…

The Italian dictionaries derive it from attendere (“to wait for”), through the past participle atteso. The LEI and the TLIO instead posit a Latin verbal noun Vulgar Latin *attēnsa (“waiting”)…

It probably continues inherited from Vulgar Latin *expingere (“to discolour, wipe out”), from ex- (“out”) and pingō (“to colour, paint”). The meaning “put out a fire” is usually explained by the…

It is inherited from Late Latin thīus (“uncle”), from Ancient Greek θεῖος (theîos, “uncle”). Isidore of Seville, in the 6th–7th century, wrote of the Latin word “Tius Graecum est”, “tius is Greek”…

It is the past participle of chiudere, used as an adjective and a noun. It continues inherited from Latin clūsus (“shut”), a variant of clausus, the past participle of claudō (“to close”). DELI…

It is the past participle of innamorare (“to make someone fall in love”), used as an adjective and as a noun. The verb is recorded from about 1230–1250 and is formed in Italian: from Italian in- +…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *potēre, the Vulgar Latin infinitive that replaced classical Latin posse (“to be able”). The new infinitive was formed on the forms of the verb that begin with…

It is borrowed from Latin memoria (“memory; remembrance”), a learned word, formed in Latin from memor (“mindful, remembering”) with the suffix -ia. DEI notes that the word is found in all Italian…

It is borrowed from Latin inūtilis (“useless, unprofitable”), a learned word, formed in- (“not”) and ūtilis (“useful”). The Latin adjective passed into all the western Romance languages, such as…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *paraula, inherited from Late Latin parabola (“parable; word”), from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ, “comparison”), a noun of παραβάλλω (parabállō, “to place…

It is borrowed from Old French trop (“much; too much”), recorded in French from about 1050. Nocentini traces the French word to Frankish *þorp (“cluster of people, village”), through Medieval Latin…

It is inherited from Latin grandis (“grown up, big, tall”). The Latin word was colloquial beside the more classical magnus (“great”), and in the Romance languages it replaced it. According to…

It is from Italian meraviglia + -oso, from the noun meaning “wonder”. GRADIT and the GDLI compare Old French merveillos and Old Occitan merveillos, recorded from 1080, and modern French merveilleux…

It is inherited from Latin amīcus (“friend; friendly”), from amō (“to love”). Nocentini and the LEI count it among the words inherited from Latin, while DELI calls it a learned word. It continues in…

It is inherited from Latin appārēre (“to become visible, appear”), which moved to the conjugation in ⟨-ire⟩. DEI and Prati start instead from the inchoative Late Latin *apparēscere, and Nocentini…

It is borrowed from Latin auctōritās (“legitimacy; prestige”), a learned word. The Latin noun is formed from auctor (“author; guarantor; seller”) with the suffix -tās. The same learned word is Old…

It is inherited from Latin quaerō (“to seek; to ask”), with dissimilation of the first /r/ to /d/ before the second. DELI compares armadio and rado, where the second /r/ changed instead; the old…

It is inherited from Latin contentus (“contained; content, satisfied”), the past participle of contineō (“to hold together, contain, keep within bounds”), which also gave contenere. DELI explains…

It is borrowed from Latin cōnstringō (“to bind fast; to restrain”), formed with con- from stringō (“to draw tight, bind”), the source of stringere. DELI and Zingarelli call it a learned word, while…

It continues inherited from Latin dēclārō (“to make clear; to announce officially”), a compound of dē- and clārō (“to make bright, illuminate”), itself from clārus (“clear, bright”). Nocentini adds…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin dubitō (“to be uncertain, hesitate”). The Latin verb is derived from dubius (“hesitant, in doubt”), the source of Italian dubbio. De Vaan explains the…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin experientia (“trial, test; experience”), taken from the accusative ⟨experientiam⟩. The Latin noun is formed from experiēns, the present participle of…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin pauperum, the popular form of Latin pauper (“poor”) moved into the second declension. The classical adjective had one ending for all genders, and a late form with…

It is inherited from Latin probō (“to approve, test, prove”), a verb formed from the adjective probus (“good, upright”), so that it first meant “to find good, to approve”. The same verb is French…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin scientia (“knowledge”). The Latin noun, attested from Varro, is formed from sciēns (“knowing”), the present participle of sciō (“to know”), with the…

It is inherited from Latin semper (“always”). The word is Old French sempre, Occitan sempre, Catalan sempre, Spanish siempre and Portuguese sempre, but it did not survive in Romanian, and in French…

It continues inherited from Vulgar Latin *vicenda, a neuter plural used as a noun: the gerundive of a verb *vicere formed from Latin vicis (“change, turn, alternation”), the word that gave vece. In…

The origin is uncertain. The usual explanation, which DELI calls doubtful but which the LEI accepts as the most likely of many proposals, is inherited from Vulgar Latin *addessum, a contraction of…

It is from Italian a- + tirare, with the prefix strengthening the verb. DEI compares French attirer, and the TLIO derives one Old Italian use, in the “Fiore”, from Old French atirer. The base verb…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ecce hoc (“look, this”), a phrase of Latin ecce (“look!, here is”) and hoc (“this”), the neuter of hic. The same phrase gave Old French ço (modern French ce)…

It is from Italian ciò (“this”) + è (“is”), with the third person singular present of essere, written as one word. In the old manuscripts the difference between the joined and the separate spelling…