Italian words first recorded in the 13th century

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin observāre (“to watch; to comply with”), from servō (“to keep, watch over”) with the prefix ob- (“towards”). The Latin verb had two meanings, “to pay…

DELI treats it as a learned word, borrowed from Latin persōna (“mask; character; person”). The Latin word first meant the mask of an actor, then the role, the character and the individual. It is…

It is inherited from Late Latin prīma, the feminine ablative of Latin prīmus (“first”) used as an adverb. Classical Latin said prīmum or prīmō in this sense; Devoto and Gabrielli think the Late…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *rendō (“to give back”), a spoken form of Latin reddō (“to give back, restore”). The Latin verb is made of red- (“back”) and dō (“to give”). The /nd/ is explained…

DELI, GRADIT, Devoto–Oli and Sabatini–Coletti take it as borrowed from Latin revideō (“to see again; to revisit”), formed from re- (“again”) and videō (“to see”); DELI and the GDLI call it a learned…

It is inherited from Latin scrībō (“to draw with a stylus, write”). Every branch of Romance has it, so that DÉRom reconstructs it for Proto-Romance: French écrire, Occitan escriure, Catalan…

It is inherited from Latin senior (“older”), in the accusative seniōrem, the comparative of senex (“old”). In classical Latin ⟨senior⟩ was a man between 45 and 60. It became a title in late Latin…

It is borrowed from Latin status (“standing, position, condition”), a noun formed from stō (“to stand”). DEI and Prati call it a learned word, while Wiktionary treats it as inherited. The Latin noun…

It is inherited from Latin sonō (“to sound, resound; to cry, sing”), a verb formed from sonus (“sound”). The diphthong ⟨uo⟩ of the stressed forms (“suòno” “I play”) has spread to the unstressed…

It is inherited from Latin homō (“human being, man”), continued in the nominative, while the plural ⟨uomini⟩ continues hominēs. Few Latin nouns for persons survive in the nominative in Italian…

It is inherited from Latin valēre (“to be strong; to be worth”). The Latin verb first meant “to be strong”, and, of coins, “to have a value”, and then “to be well”. The word is pan-Romance except…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *volēre, the Vulgar Latin form that replaced the irregular classical infinitive of Latin velle (“to want”). The new infinitive was built on the present stem of the…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *volta, a shortened form of *volvita, from *volvitus, a popular past participle of Latin volvō (“to roll, turn”) in place of classical volūtus. DELI accepts that it…

It is inherited from Latin costa (“rib; side, flank”). The word is common to the Romance languages: French côte, Catalan costa, Spanish cuesta, Portuguese costa, Sardinian costa, Romanian coastă…

It is inherited from Latin locus (“place”), from its accusative. The older form Old Italian loco keeps the Latin sounds, while the modern form shows the Tuscan diphthong of a stressed open /ɔ/ in an…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin proprius (“one's own, peculiar”). Tuscan reduced it by dissimilation to ⟨propio⟩, the form the 16th-century writers still used; Migliorini, quoted by DELI…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin socius (“companion, ally”). Sabatini–Coletti contrasts it with the inherited soccio, which Nocentini records from the 14th century as a term of livestock…

It is borrowed from Old Occitan viatge, with Old French veiage (about 1080) beside it, from Latin viāticum (“provisions for a journey”). The Latin noun is the neuter of the adjective viāticus (“of…

It is inherited from Latin ăqua (“water”). The doubled consonant is old: the Appendix Probi already corrects a Late Latin pronunciation with -cqu-. The LEI divides the outcomes into three groups…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin dīversus (“turned in another direction; different, opposite”), the past participle of dīvertō (“to turn aside, go different ways”). That verb is formed with…

It is inherited from Latin herba (“grass, herb, small plant”). The word is panromance: the same Latin noun gave French herbe, Occitan erba, Catalan erba, Spanish hierba, Portuguese erva, Sardinian…

It is borrowed from Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹 (wai, “woe!”) crossed with Latin vae (“alas, woe”), according to Devoto–Oli, Sabatini–Coletti, Devoto and the GDLI; Meyer-Lübke likewise lists it under the Gothic…

It is inherited from Latin lūna (“moon”). The word is found in every Romance language, and DÉRom reconstructs a Proto-Romance noun from them: French lune, Occitan luna, Catalan lluna, Spanish luna…

It is inherited from Latin māter (“mother”) (accusative ⟨mātrem⟩). The ⟨d⟩ is unexpected, since Tuscan normally keeps Latin ⟨t⟩ between vowels and before ⟨r⟩, and is usually explained by northern…

It is inherited from Latin mors (“death”), from the accusative ⟨mortem⟩. The word is common to the Romance languages: French mort, Occitan mort, Catalan mort, Spanish muerte, Portuguese morte…

It is inherited from Latin pāx (“peace”), continuing its accusative pācem. The word is found throughout Romance: French paix, Occitan patz, Catalan pau, Spanish paz, Portuguese paz, Sardinian paghe…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin pretiōsus (“costly, of great value”), from pretium (“price, value”). The Latin adjective is formed with the suffix -ōsus. Its counterparts are French…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *excappāre, a verb formed on Late Latin cappa (“hood; cloak”) with ex- (“out of”). DELI and most dictionaries take it to have meant “to slip off one's cloak” in…

It is inherited from Latin sōl (“sun”), from the accusative ⟨sōlem⟩. The Latin noun survives in Occitan sol, Catalan sol, Spanish sol, Portuguese sol, Sardinian sole and Romanian soare; French…

It is borrowed from Latin cibus (“food”), a learned word. The Latin word survives by the popular route in the south and in the islands: Old Italian cevo in Old Neapolitan and Old Roman, Sicilian…

It is inherited from Latin caecus (“blind; dark; invisible”). The word survives in Old French cieu, since replaced by aveugle, Occitan cec, Catalan cec, Spanish ciego and Portuguese cego, but not in…

1. The word for a non-Jew or pagan is borrowed from Late Latin gentīlis (“heathen, pagan”), a word of Church Latin first found in Tertullian. In the plural it rendered in the Gospels Ancient Greek…

1. The participle is inherited from Latin ligātus (“tied, bound”), the past participle of ligō (“to tie, bind”), which became legare. The verb is pan-Romance: French lier, Occitan liar, Catalan…

It is borrowed from Old French message, recorded in French from the end of the 11th century and formed from mes (“messenger”), from Latin missus (“one sent, envoy”), the past participle of mittō…

1. The millet is inherited from Latin pānīcum (“Italian millet”), a derivative of pānus (“ear of millet”), named, Nocentini thinks, for its spindle shape. DELI thinks that noun may be the same as…

It is inherited from Latin pūrus (“clean, pure”). DELI treats it as a learned word, while Nocentini, Wiktionary and the REW count it among the inherited ones; the old diminutive puretto, which…

It is borrowed from Latin rēgīna (“queen”), a learned form that replaced the older Old Italian reina. Wiktionary treats the Italian word as inherited instead. The Latin word is related to rēx…

1. The adjective is borrowed from Latin suspectus (“mistrusted, suspected”), the past participle of suspicere (“to look up at; to mistrust”). suspiciō is speciō (“to look”) with the prefix sub-…

It is formed from grazie (“thanks”), the plural of grazia, with the prefixes ri-, which here means giving back, and in-, which marks a movement towards; the verb ending is -are. Zingarelli analyses…

It is from Italian speciale + -mente, the adjective “special, particular” with the suffix that forms adverbs. It corresponds in sense to Latin speciāliter.

It is inherited from Latin subtus (“below, underneath”), an adverb formed from sub (“under”), properly “from below”. Nocentini sees in the ending a suffix of motion from a place, and the OLD…

It is inherited from Latin via (“road, way; journey”), a word Latin records from the Twelve Tables on. Varro reports veha as the form used by country people. The word is panromance except in…

It is the phrase “on the back” written as one word: from Italian a + dosso (“back”). Spoken Italian doubles the consonant after the preposition, and the spelling with ⟨dd⟩ records this. The noun…

It is inherited from Latin amāns (“loving; a lover”), the present participle of amō (“to love”), and in Italian it serves as the present participle of amare. The LEI counts both the adjective and…

It is borrowed from Latin amīcitia (“friendship; alliance”), a learned word. The Latin noun is formed from amīcus (“friend; friendly”) with the suffix -itia. Latin amīcitia left no popular…

It is inherited from Latin attentus (“attentive, intent”), the past participle of attendō (“to direct one's mind to”), from ad- and tendō (“to stretch”). DELI classes it, with attenzione, as a…

It is inherited from Latin caldus (“warm, hot”), the syncopated form of calidus that was already in Varro's usage, from caleō (“to be warm”). The Appendix Probi condemns it (“calida non calda”), but…

It is inherited from Late Latin caulus (“stalk; cabbage”), the Late Latin form of Latin caulis (“stem, stalk; cabbage”). The word probably spread from southern Italy: the southern dialects kept the…

It is formed in from Italian certo + -mente, from the adjective certo (“certain”) and the adverb suffix. The TLIO derives it from the adjective in the sense “sure, certain”. Tommaseo compares the…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin cōdex (“tree trunk; writing tablets; book”). The Latin word first meant a tree trunk, then a wooden tablet for writing, then a set of tablets joined…

It is the feminine of coperto (“covered”), the past participle of coprire, used as a noun. The verb continues Latin cooperiō (“to cover completely”), and Wikizionario derives the noun directly from…

It is from Italian coraggio + -oso. The noun was borrowed from Old Occitan coratge (“heart; courage”), from Vulgar Latin *corāticum, a derivative of Latin cor (“heart”).

It is inherited from Late Latin cocīna (“kitchen”), the Late Latin form of classical coquīna, a derivative of coquō (“to cook”). The Late Latin verb cocīnō stood beside it in the same way for…

It is borrowed from Latin custōdia (“guard, protection”), a noun formed from custōs (“guardian”). DEI and Zingarelli call it a learned word, and Körting notes that the popular Romance words for…

It is borrowed from Latin doctor (“teacher, instructor”), from the accusative ⟨doctōrem⟩, a learned word. Wiktionary treats it as inherited. The noun is formed from Latin doceō (“to teach”) + -tor…

It is inherited from Latin eccum (“here he is!”), the colloquial form beside ecce (“behold”). The OLD analyses it as the particle and probably a pronoun ⟨*hum⟩ for ⟨hunc⟩, Wiktionary as the particle…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin exercitus. The Latin noun first meant “exercise”, then “military exercise”, and so “the soldiers gathered for the exercise or review”, and at last an army…

It is the past participle of ferire “to wound”, used as an adjective and noun. The verb is inherited from Latin ferīre (“to strike, hit”), which in spoken Latin passed from “to strike” to “to…

It is inherited from Latin fortūna (“chance, fate; good luck; wealth”), derived from fors (“chance”). DEI and the GDLI see the learned tradition of the word, while Nocentini notes that French…

It is borrowed from Latin fuga (“flight, escape”), a learned word, from fugiō (“to flee”). The same Latin noun came down by the popular route as foga (“impetus, ardour”). Elsewhere the inherited…