Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Hungarian word mindenki

Confidence
Established
Formation
Compound
First attested
1703 Transylvanian record
Ultimate origin
Hungarian mind,-n,ki
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Hungarian minden
Hungarian mindenki

Pronunciation

  • [ˈmindɛŋki][1]

Forms

mindenki[1]

Etymology

It is a compound from Hungarian minden (“every, all”) + ki (“who; someone”).[1][2] The older literary language used kiki “each one” for this sense;[3] Szily found the word first in Sándor István's Toldalék of 1808 and counted it among the newer words; the Mondolat objected to it.[3]

The first part, minden, could itself be used as a noun meaning “everyone” from the Jókai Codex (copied about 1448) on.[4][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Transylvanian historical dictionary has the word from the beginning of the 18th century: its quotations start in 1703, and about 1710 a writer said that his arguing was only talk, mely mindenkinek szabad és szokás “which is free and customary for everyone”.[6]

Semantic evolution

The sense has stayed “every person”: Kresznerics glossed it with Latin omnia in 1831, and Csokonai used it in the same sense.[7][8] The ÉrtSz distinguishes the general sense, every person without exception, from the narrower ones of every member of a given community, everyone who counts, and the people named in a following relative clause (mindenki, aki …).[9]

In the dialects of Szeged and the Ormánság it is pronounced mindönki.[10][11]

Timeline

  • 1703 – first quotation of mindenki in the Transylvanian records.[6]
  • c. 1710 – mindenkinek “for everyone” in a Transylvanian memoir.[6]
  • 1808 – Mindenki in Sándor István's Toldalék, its first record in Szily's dictionary of the language reform.[3]
  • 1831 – listed by Kresznerics.[7]

Meanings

Pronoun

  1. everyone, everybody: every person, without exception: Ezt mindenki tudja.[9][1]
  2. Every member of the group or community in question; everyone who matters, or very many of the people the speaker knows.[9]
  3. With a relative clause: all the persons it describes: Mindenki, aki elkészült, hazamehet.[9]

Usage notes

In older Hungarian the sense was expressed by kiki.[3] Regional pronunciation mindönki in Szeged and the Ormánság.[10][11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ Wikiszótár (Hungarian Wiktionary), hu.wiktionary.org
  3. ^ a b c d Szily, Kálmán (1902–1908), A magyar nyelvújítás szótára, 2 vols., Budapest: Hornyánszky, p. 223
  4. ^ Benkő, Loránd (ed.) (1967–1976), A magyar nyelv történeti-etimológiai szótára, 3 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 2, 925
  5. ^ Gerstner, Károly (ed.) (2006–), Új magyar etimológiai szótár, Budapest: Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont; online at uesz.nytud.hu
  6. ^ a b c Szabó T., Attila (ed.) (1975–2014), Erdélyi magyar szótörténeti tár, 14 vols., Bukarest: Kriterion / Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó / Kolozsvár: Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület, p. 9, 260
  7. ^ a b Kresznerics, Ferenc (1831–1832), Magyar szótár gyökérrenddel és deák értelmezéssel, 2 vols., Buda, p. 1, 317
  8. ^ Jakab, László et al. (1993–2019), Csokonai-szókincstár I–IV, Debrecen: Debreceni Egyetem (Számítógépes Nyelvtörténeti Adattár), p. 945
  9. ^ a b c d Bárczi, Géza; Országh, László (eds.) (1959–1962), A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára, 7 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó; online at ertelmezo.oszk.hu
  10. ^ a b Bálint, Sándor (1957), Szegedi szótár, 2 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 2, 159
  11. ^ a b Kiss, Géza (1952), Ormánysági szótár, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 380
Cite this entry

“Mindenki.” Etymologically, 25 Oct. 2026, etymologically.com/hu/mindenki. Accessed 26 Oct. 2026.

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