Etymology and origin of the Hungarian word nagyon
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- c. 1476 Szabács Viadala
- Ultimate origins
- Proto-Uralic *nᴕńćɜHungarian -on
Pronunciation
- [ˈnɒɟon][1]
Etymology
It is from Hungarian nagy (“big, great”) + -on, the adjective with the adverbial suffix -on.[2][1][3] Its sense has moved some way from that of the adjective; it stands closer to erősen “strongly”, and it is classed as an adverb rather than a case form.[4]
Kiss compared the adverbs for “very” in many languages and found several that, like the Hungarian word, come from a word for “big”: greatly, Finnish suuresti, Czech velmi and Polish wielce among them.[4] He explained the Hungarian adverb by three forces together: a way of seeing inherited from the Finno-Ugric past, the example of the neighbouring Slavic languages, which strengthened it, and the use of the adjective itself as an intensifier.[5]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first records are in the Szabács Viadala, a poem of about 1476: Oth ezen wk nagyon ohaÿtanak “there they sighed greatly”.[4][2] The sense is the modern one, “very much, greatly”.[4]
Semantic evolution
igen is recorded earlier in the sense “very”, from the Jókai Codex, and the adjective nagy itself was used for “very” until the end of the 16th century (nagy hamar, nagy ritkán survive); nagyon took over this role.[4][1] NySz has it in the codices from 1513 on, and the 16th- and 17th-century dictionaries give it for Latin magnopere.[6][7][8]
The Transylvanian records show it with verbs (nagyon fedödyk vala, 1579) and adjectives, and in the sense “too much, excessively”; the doubling igen nagyon “very greatly” is recorded from 1653.[9]
Timeline
- c. 1476 – nagyon in the Szabács Viadala.[2][4]
- 1513 – nagyon in the Czech Codex, the first of many records in the codices.[6]
- 1579 – Nagyon fedödyk vala “he scolded hard” in a Transylvanian account.[9]
- 1585 – nagyon for Latin magnopere in Calepinus's dictionary.[8]
- 1604 – Nagyon in Szenczi Molnár's dictionary.[7]
- 1653 – igen nagyon “very greatly”.[9]
Meanings
Adverb
- very, to a high degree (with adjectives and adverbs): nagyon hideg van.[10][1]
- Very much, greatly (with verbs): Nagyon vártalak.[10][3]
- Too, excessively, more than is wanted: Ez a cipő nagyon szűk.[10][9]
- Thoroughly, well (with verbs of knowing): nagyon jól tudja.[10]
- Nem nagyon: not very, hardly: Nem nagyon szeretem.[10]
Related words
Usage notes
After a negation the word is unstressed and weakens the statement: nem nagyon means “not much, hardly”.[10] In some Szatmár dialects it is pronounced naggonn.[11]
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c Benkő, Loránd (ed.) (1967–1976), A magyar nyelv történeti-etimológiai szótára, 3 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 2, 994
- ^ a b Czuczor, Gergely; Fogarasi, János (1862–1874), A magyar nyelv szótára, 6 vols., Pest: Emich Gusztáv / Athenaeum
- ^ a b c d e f Kiss, Lajos (1976), Szláv tükörszók és tükörjelentések a magyarban, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó (Nyelvtudományi Értekezések 92), p. 131
- ^ Kiss, Lajos (1976), Szláv tükörszók és tükörjelentések a magyarban, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó (Nyelvtudományi Értekezések 92), p. 132
- ^ a b Szarvas, Gábor; Simonyi, Zsigmond (1890–1893), Magyar nyelvtörténeti szótár, 3 vols., Budapest: Hornyánszky, p. 2, 921
- ^ a b Szenczi Molnár, Albert (1604), Dictionarium Latinovngaricum / Dictionarivm Vngaricolatinvm, Nürnberg; facsimile Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó 1990
- ^ a b Melich, János (ed.) (1912), Calepinus latin–magyar szótára 1585-ből, Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, p. 195
- ^ a b c d Szabó T., Attila (ed.) (1975–2014), Erdélyi magyar szótörténeti tár, 14 vols., Bukarest: Kriterion / Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó / Kolozsvár: Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület, p. 9, 506
- ^ a b c d e f Bárczi, Géza; Országh, László (eds.) (1959–1962), A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára, 7 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó; online at ertelmezo.oszk.hu
- ^ Csűry, Bálint (1935–1936), Szamosháti szótár, 2 vols., Budapest: Magyar Nyelvtudományi Társaság, p. 2, 149
Cite this entry
“Nagyon.” Etymologically, 25 Oct. 2026, etymologically.com/hu/nagyon. Accessed 26 Oct. 2026.
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