Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Hungarian word elmegy

Confidence
Established
Formation
Compound
First attested
1466 Munich Codex (copy of a text written after 1416)
Ultimate origins
Hungarian el-Proto-Uralic *mene-
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Hungarian megy
Hungarian elmegy

Pronunciation

  • [ˈɛlmɛɟ][1]

Forms

elmegy[1]

Etymology

It is a compound from Hungarian el- (“away”) + megy (“to go”).[1] The verb megy is inherited from Proto-Uralic *mene- (“to go”).[2][3][4] The preverb el is a fixed case form of the stem ⟨el-⟩ of elő “front” with the lative ending ⟨-é⟩; at first an adverb of forward motion, it became already in Old Hungarian the preverb of moving away and of beginning or completing an action.[5][3][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The compound is frequent in the Gospels of the Munich Codex (copied 1466), in the senses “to go away”, “to go somewhere”, “to leave someone” and “to enter someone's service”.[6] TESz quotes el meenne from the Czech Codex of 1513.[2]

Semantic evolution

Transylvanian records from 1562 use it for people leaving a place and for armies withdrawing, and in commands, menj el! “go away!”.[7] NSz dates the main modern senses from 1772: going somewhere, moving away for good, and finding one's way in something; leaving one job for another from 1826, the sense “to be just about acceptable” from 1785–88, and of a machine “to run” only from 1988.[8]

Many senses describe things that go: time passes, money is spent, snow melts, hair falls out, and someone elment az esze “has lost his mind”.[9][10] As a euphemism it means “to die”; in Szeged speech elment a Csillag Miska sorába named a local cemetery keeper, and in the Ormánság elment is also said of cattle sold at the fair.[9][11][12] Other dialect senses are “to miscarry”, of the sun “to set”, and of milk “to dry up”.[13]

Timeline

  • 1055 – the simple verb, meneh “going”, in the Tihany founding charter.[2][3]
  • 1466 – elmegy in the Munich Codex Gospels.[6]
  • 1513 – el meenne in the Czech Codex.[2]
  • 1562 – of an army withdrawing from a siege.[7]
  • 1772 – the main modern senses in NSz.[8]
  • 1826 – “to leave one job for another”.[8]
  • 1988 – of a machine, “to run”.[8]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To leave, go away from a place: Holnap reggel elmegyünk.[9][8][1]
  2. To go somewhere, to get as far as a place;[9][1] elmegy valakiért, to go and fetch someone.[9][1]
  3. Of a vehicle or a parcel: to depart, be sent off.[9][8]
  4. Of time, money, a mood: to pass, be used up, vanish.[9][8]
  5. (euphemistic) To die.[9][1]
  6. To take up a job or occupation: elment tanárnak.[9][8][11]
  7. To go past something; to find one's way in something.[9][8]
  8. To be just about acceptable: ez még elmegy.[9][8][1]
  9. (colloquial) To have an orgasm.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d Benkő, Loránd (ed.) (1967–1976), A magyar nyelv történeti-etimológiai szótára, 3 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 2, 877
  3. ^ a b c Gerstner, Károly (ed.) (2006–), Új magyar etimológiai szótár, Budapest: Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont; online at uesz.nytud.hu
  4. ^ a b Zaicz, Gábor (ed.) (2006), Etimológiai szótár: magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete, Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó
  5. ^ Benkő, Loránd (ed.) (1967–1976), A magyar nyelv történeti-etimológiai szótára, 3 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 1, 735
  6. ^ a b Szabó T., Ádám (ed.) (1985), A Müncheni Kódex szókincse (Der Wortschatz des Münchener Kodex), with the text of the Müncheni Kódex 1466 ed. Antal Nyíri and Gyula Décsy, Budapest, p. 378
  7. ^ a b Szabó T., Attila (ed.) (1975–2014), Erdélyi magyar szótörténeti tár, 14 vols., Bukarest: Kriterion / Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó / Kolozsvár: Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület, p. 2, 1066
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ittzés, Nóra (ed.) (2006–), A magyar nyelv nagyszótára, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó / Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont; online at nagyszotar.nytud.hu
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Bárczi, Géza; Országh, László (eds.) (1959–1962), A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára, 7 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó; online at ertelmezo.oszk.hu
  10. ^ Ballagi, Mór (1867–1873), A magyar nyelv teljes szótára, 2 vols., Pest: Heckenast, p. 280
  11. ^ a b Bálint, Sándor (1957), Szegedi szótár, 2 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 1, 345
  12. ^ Kiss, Géza (1952), Ormánysági szótár, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 371
  13. ^ B. Lőrinczy, Éva (ed.) (1979–2010), Új magyar tájszótár, 5 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
Cite this entry

“Elmegy.” Etymologically, 25 Oct. 2026, etymologically.com/hu/elmegy. Accessed 26 Oct. 2026.

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