*kalik

Reconstruction

Wiktionary reconstructs *kalik "chalice" for Proto-West Germanic.^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin calix (“cup, goblet, chalice”).^[2][3][4] EWA takes the Old Saxon, Old Dutch, Old Frisian and Old English words, like Old High German kelih, from the Latin word.^[2] Köbler sets up a Germanic *kelik- "chalice" as a borrowing of Latin calix.^[5] EWA considers the Latin word itself a cultural wanderword of unclear origin.^[2]

Morphology

A masculine a-stem in Old High German, Old Saxon and Old Frisian,^[2][6][7] and a strong masculine in Old English.^[8]

Evidence

The word is attested in all the West Germanic languages: Old English calic, also cælic, celc and celic,^[8] Old Frisian zilik, also kilik,^[7] Old Saxon kelik,^[3] Old Dutch kelik^[9] and Old High German kelih.^[2] Old High German has it from the end of the 8th century, in glosses, Tatian, Otfrid and Notker.^[2] Old Saxon has it in the Heliand and the Psalms,^[6] and Old Dutch only in the genitive singular ⟨kelikas⟩, glossing Latin calicis in the Old Low and Middle Franconian Psalms and glosses of 901–1000.^[9] EWA notes that Middle and Modern English chalice does not continue the Old English word but comes from Old French, and that Old Norse kalekr was taken from Latin, while kalkr came from Old English.^[2]

Meanings

1. chalice^[1][6]

Old High German also used the word for "drinking cup", "bowl" and "flower cup", and figuratively for "fate" and "burden".^[2][10]

Reflexes

• Old English: calic (“chalice”)^[4]
• Old Frisian: zilik (“chalice”)^[7]
• Old Saxon: kelik (“cup, chalice”)^[3]
• Old Dutch: kelik (“chalice”)^[9]
• Old High German: kelih (“chalice, drinking cup, bowl”)^[2]

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *kalik
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lloyd, Albert L.; Springer, Otto; Lühr, Rosemarie, et al. (1988–), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; online ewa.saw-leipzig.de, p. s.v. kelih
3. ^ a b c Berr, Samuel (1971), An Etymological Glossary to the Old Saxon Heliand, Berne / Frankfurt: Herbert Lang, p. 226
4. ^ a b Holthausen, Ferdinand (1934), Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. calic
5. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Germanisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. *kelik-
6. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. kėlik
7. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altfriesisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. zilik
8. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. calic
9. ^ a b c Oudnederlands Woordenboek (2009–), Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal, Leiden; gtb.ivdnt.org, p. s.v. kelik
10. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 6th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. kelih