*wandōn

Reconstruction

Wiktionary reconstructs *wandōn "to turn aside, to veer" for Proto-West Germanic.^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wandōną (“to turn aside, to change”),^[2][1] which Köbler writes *wandōn "to turn" and Orel *wanđōjanan.^[3][4] Orel derives the verb from the adjective *wanđaz,^[4] which Kroonen, as *wanda- "turned, twisted", takes for an o-grade adjective derived from Proto-Germanic *windan- (“to wind”).^[5]

Morphology

A weak verb of class II.^[2][6]

Evidence

The verb is attested in Old English wandian "to hesitate, to desist, to refrain; to fear, to worry"^[7] and in Old High German wantōn "to change, to turn", recorded three times, in glosses perhaps from after 765 and in Notker.^[6] Old High German also has the present participle ⟨wantōnti⟩, glossing Latin mūtuus (“mutual”).^[6][4] Orel adds Middle Dutch wanden (“to turn into”).^[4] Old Saxon has only the derived wandlon "to change".^[8][9]

Competing analyses

Holthausen and Orel compare Old Norse vanda, which Orel glosses "to object, to be fastidious", with the West Germanic verb.^[7][4] Köbler keeps the Norse verb apart, as a second Proto-Germanic *wandōn "to tread carefully".^[3]

Meanings

1. to turn aside^[4][1]

Old English developed the senses "to hesitate, to refrain",^[7] and Old High German used the verb for "to change, to turn oneself".^[6]

Derivatives

• *wandalōn "to change, to wander", which Wiktionary reconstructs with a suffix *-lōn;^[10] Köbler refers Old Saxon wandlon and Old High German wantalōn to Proto-Germanic *wandōn.^[8][11]
• *wandarōn "to wander", which Wiktionary reconstructs with a frequentative suffix *-rōn;^[12] Holthausen instead connects Old English wandrian with Middle High German wander (“change, course”) and windan.^[13]

Reflexes

• Old English: wandian (“to hesitate, to refrain, to fear”)^[7]
• Old High German: wantōn (“to change, to turn”)^[6]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *wandōn
2. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. wandian
3. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Germanisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. *wandōn
4. ^ a b c d e f Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 446
5. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 573
6. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 6th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. wantōn
7. ^ a b c d Holthausen, Ferdinand (1934), Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. wandian
8. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. wandlon
9. ^ Tiefenbach, Heinrich (2010), Altsächsisches Handwörterbuch / A Concise Old Saxon Dictionary, Berlin / New York: De Gruyter, p. s.v. wandlon
10. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *wandalōn
11. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 6th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. wantalōn
12. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *wandarōn
13. ^ Holthausen, Ferdinand (1934), Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. wandrian