- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- c. 1170, Livre des Rois
- Ultimate origin
- Latin (titulus)
Pronunciation
- IPA: /titʁ/[1]
Forms
titre m (plural titres)[1] Old French title (about 1165–1170), still in use in the 17th century, titre from about 1225; written tiltre in the 16th century but pronounced titre (Palsgrave).[2][3][4]
Etymology
It is borrowed from Latin titulus (“inscription; title of a book; title of honour”),[3][2][5][6] a word that first named a placard carried on a pole in triumphs, then an epitaph, the heading of a work and an honorific title, Rey suggests a reduplicated word, perhaps Etruscan.[2] Wiktionary calls “title” semi-learned;[1] Brachet noted that the popular Latin “ticlus” would have given “teil”.[4] The ⟨r⟩ of “titre” is a phonetic change of ⟨l⟩.[2]
English title comes from French (14th century),[7] and English “titre” and “titer” from the modern word.[1] Spanish tilde is from the same Latin word.[7][4]
Earliest recorded meaning
The Livre des Rois (about 1170) uses title for an inscription on a tomb.[3][8]
Semantic evolution
About 1200 it was the heading that names the subject of a work, and about 1225 a chapter, then the title page (1802) and printing terms like faux titre (1835).[3][2] About 1283 Beaumanoir uses it in law for what gives a right (par title d'acat, by right of purchase), whence à juste titre (1340), à titre de (1643), a deed proving a right (1468) and the stock-exchange titre (1853).[3][2][4]
From the 13th century it was also the name of an office or rank, and, from 1479 an honorific title (titre de noblesse); en titre dates from 1690.[3][2] With the idea of proportion it named the fineness of gold or silver coin (1543), and in chemistry and textiles a strength or count (1841, 1872).[3][2] In sport a titre is a championship.[9]
Timeline
- c. 1170 – Title “inscription on a tomb”.[3]
- c. 1200 – The title of a work.[3]
- c. 1225 – The form titre; a chapter.[3]
- c. 1283 – A legal title, in Beaumanoir.[3]
- 1340 – À juste title.[3]
- 1479 – An honorific title.[3]
- 1543 – The fineness of coin.[3]
- 1853 – A stock-exchange security.[10]
Meanings
Noun
- A title (of a book, film, article): le titre d'un roman, gros titre: headline.[7][1]
- A title (of rank, nobility, office): titre de noblesse, le titre de maréchal, en titre: official.[7][9]
- A qualification: titres universitaires; a sports title.[9]
- (law) A title, deed: titre de propriété, titre de séjour, titre de transport.[1][3]
- (finance) A security, share: titre au porteur.[1][10]
- Fineness (of gold, silver); (chemistry) titre.[3][1]
- À juste titre: rightly, à titre de: as, au même titre que: in the same way as.[1][2]
Word family
- sous-titre
- titrer
- titrage
- attitrer
- intituler
- intertitre
Related words
Usage notes
Littré gives a second titre for the small mark placed over an abbreviated word, the same Latin word as Spanish tilde; the TLFi dates this sense to the mid-13th century.[4][3]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
- ^ a b c d e Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
- ^ Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
- ^ Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 13/1, 359b
- ^ a b c d Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
- ^ Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
- ^ a b c Dictionnaire de français Larousse, larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais (accessed 2024)
- ^ a b Quemada, Bernard, ed. (1959–2006), Datations et documents lexicographiques (Base historique du vocabulaire français, BHVF), Paris: Klincksieck / CNRS / Champion; ATILF
Cite this entry
“Titre.” Etymologically, 17 Oct. 2026, etymologically.com/fr/titre. Accessed 17 Oct. 2026.
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