kiosque

Pronunciation

• IPA: /kjɔsk/^[1]

Forms

kiosque m (plural kiosques)^[1] First written chiosque (1608), then kiosque (1654).^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Italian chiosco (1594),^[2][3][5] from Ottoman Turkish كوشك (köşk, “garden pavilion”),^[2][3][1] itself from Persian کوشک (kōšk, “palace; portico”).^[2][3][1][6] Wiktionary traces the Persian word back to Middle Persian kōšk.^[1] The Turkish word took a narrower sense than the Persian one, which meant a high room, gallery or palace.^[3][4]

Bloch and Wartburg, Littré and the Grand Robert give the Turkish word directly as the source, without the Italian step.^[7][8][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record, chiosque in Palma Cayet's Chronologie novenaire (1608), means a pavilion, the open garden pavilion of the Turks.^[2][3]

Semantic evolution

The word first named an open garden pavilion with a dome, in Turkey and the Middle East, and then a garden pavilion in the oriental style in Europe.^[3][9] In the 19th century it took a wider sense.^[7] A covered stand for musicians at open-air concerts appears in 1867, and kiosque à musique later replaced kiosque de la musique.^[2][3][5]

By likeness of shape, a kiosque became a small street stand selling newspapers (1848, kiosque de journaux, later kiosque à journaux), and then flowers and other goods.^[2][3][9] At sea it is a glazed shelter on a ship's deck (1902) and the conning tower of a submarine (1952).^[2][3] The names for the person who keeps a newspaper stand (kiosquiste, kiosquier, about 1950) stayed professional words.^[3]

Timeline

• 1594 – Italian chiosco is recorded.^[2][3]
• 1608 – Chiosque “pavilion” (Palma Cayet).^[2][3]
• 1654 – The spelling kiosque (Du Loir, Voyages).^[2][4]
• 1762 – First recorded by the Académie.^[2]
• 1848 – Kiosque de journaux, a newspaper stand.^[2][10]
• 1867 – A bandstand (Taine).^[2]
• 1902 – A shelter on a ship's deck.^[2]
• 1952 – The conning tower of a submarine.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. A small stand in the street selling newspapers, flowers and the like; a kiosk.^[9][11]
2. An open garden pavilion, in Turkey and the Middle East or in that style.^[9][11]
3. Kiosque à musique: a bandstand.^[9][1]
4. (nautical) A glazed shelter on a ship's deck; the conning tower or sail of a submarine.^[11][1]
5. (Quebec) A stand at an exhibition or fair.^[11]

Related words

• English kiosk

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
4. ^ a b c d Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
5. ^ a b Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
6. ^ Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 19, 103a
7. ^ a b Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
8. ^ Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
9. ^ a b c d e Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
10. ^ Quemada, Bernard, ed. (1959–2006), Datations et documents lexicographiques (Base historique du vocabulaire français, BHVF), Paris: Klincksieck / CNRS / Champion; ATILF
11. ^ a b c d Dictionnaire de français Larousse, larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais (accessed 2024)