familial

Forms

familial (feminine familiale, masculine plural familiaux, feminine plural familiales)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from French famille + -al on the stem of the noun, after Latin familia (“household, family”).^[2][3][4][1] The TLFi takes the first record from Fourier's “Nouveau monde industriel” (1830); Bloch and Wartburg give 1865.^[2][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is first found about 1830 in Fourier, for what concerns the family as a social unit.^[2][3][4]

Semantic evolution

Littré still marks it as a neologism of political science, as in organisation familiale.^[6] In commercial language it came to mean “meant for the whole family”, and large cars were called familiales, as a noun from about 1930; the Petit Robert dates the noun to 1952.^[7][8] The adverb familialement appeared about 1950, and familialisme and familialiste about 1973.^[7]

Timeline

• 1830 – Fourier uses it in the Nouveau monde industriel.^[2][4]
• 1865 – First date in Bloch and Wartburg.^[5]
• 1873 – Littré records it as a neologism.^[6]
• c. 1930 – Une familiale is used of a large car.^[7]
• c. 1950 – The adverb familialement appears.^[7]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Relating to the family as a social unit: allocations familiales, planning familial.^[8][9]
2. Concerning a particular family as a group or emotional setting: un repas familial.^[8][9]
3. (medicine) Of a disease: affecting several members of a family through heredity.^[3]

Noun

1. Une familiale: a large car built to carry six to nine people.^[8][3][9]

Word family

• familialement
• familialisme
• familialiste

Related words

• famille
• familier
• Latin familia

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
3. ^ a b c d Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
4. ^ a b c Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
5. ^ a b Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
6. ^ a b Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
7. ^ a b c d Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
8. ^ a b c d Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
9. ^ a b c Académie française (1992–2024), Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, 9th ed., Paris: Académie française / Fayard / Imprimerie nationale