artériel

Forms

artériel (feminine artérielle, masculine plural artériels, feminine plural artérielles)^[1] Old French arterial (1314); artériel from 1503.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin arteriālis, a medical term used of the veins (11th century) and of blood (about 1225), taken first as arterial and given its present form in 1503.^[3][4] The Latin adjective is from artēria (“artery”),^[4][3] which is from Ancient Greek ἀρτηρία (artēría, “artery, windpipe”).^[5] The Petit Robert, Bloch and Wartburg and Littré treat the word as from French artère, with a change of suffix.^[6][5][7][8]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is first found as arterial in 1314 in Henri de Mondeville's Chirurgie;^[2] veine arterial meant the pulmonary artery, and sang arterial is recorded in 1491.^[3]

Semantic evolution

Sang artériel replaced sang arterial in 1503, in a translation of Guy de Chauliac.^[3][2] The two forms competed until the 17th century, when artériel won, while from 1803 it was used on its own for “of the arteries”.^[3] Arterial blood was so called because the arteries carry it: red blood that has taken up oxygen in the lungs.^[7][2]

Timeline

• 1314 – Arterial in Henri de Mondeville's Chirurgie.^[2][4]
• 1491 – Sang arterial is recorded.^[3]
• 1503 – The form artériel appears, in sang artériel.^[3][2]
• 1803 – Used freely for “of the arteries”.^[3]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Arterial, belonging to or relating to the arteries: le système artériel, tension artérielle.^[6][9]
2. Sang artériel: red, oxygenated blood driven out by the left ventricle.^[6][7]
3. Canal artériel: the vessel of the fetus that joins the pulmonary artery to the aorta.^[7][9]

Related words

• artère
• artériole
• artérite
• Latin artēria

References

1. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
4. ^ a b c d Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
5. ^ a b Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
6. ^ a b c Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
7. ^ a b c d Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
8. ^ Wiktionnaire (French Wiktionary), fr.wiktionary.org
9. ^ a b Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard