Spanish words first recorded in the 12th century

It is inherited from Old Spanish nin, inherited from Latin nec (“and not, nor”). Old Spanish mostly wrote ⟨nin⟩, beside ⟨ni⟩ and the rarer nen. Old Leonese, Asturian and Galician also had ne. In the…

It is inherited from Old Spanish noche, inherited from Latin nox (“night”), from its accusative noctem. The same Latin word is Portuguese noite, Galician noite, Asturian nueche, Aragonese nueit…

It is borrowed from Latin notō (“to mark; to write down”), a word taken from Latin. The Latin verb meant to put a mark on something, to write or take down in shorthand, and of the censors, to brand…

It is borrowed from Latin occāsiō (“opportunity, favourable moment”), taken from the accusative as a learned word. Vox dates the borrowing to the 12th century. The Latin noun is formed from occīdō…

It is inherited from Latin oculus (“eye”), in the Vulgar Latin form oclus with the unstressed vowel lost, and Old Spanish already wrote ojo. It is a doublet of the learned óculo. The same Latin word…

It is inherited from Latin partīrī (“to share out, divide”), also active partīre. The sense “to set out, leave” is a special application of “to separate”. The same word is Portuguese partir…

It is inherited from Latin pavor (“sudden fear, terror”). Because the usual word for fear in Spanish and Portuguese has always been miedo, from metus, and because the other Romance languages lost…

It is inherited from Latin pāx (“peace; a settlement”), with the same form in Old Spanish, paz. The DCECH notes that the word has been in general use at every period. The same word is Portuguese…

It is inherited from Latin peior (“worse”), the comparative of malus (“bad”). Old Spanish peior and, in old Aragonese texts, peyor keep the Latin /j/ between the vowels. The same Latin word is…

The DLE calls it an expressive word, common to the Romance languages. Corominas places it in the large Romance family of words for “small” that begin with /p/, have a front vowel and a voiceless…

It is inherited from Late Latin perdono (“to forgive”); the Old Spanish form was already perdonar. The verb was formed from Latin per- + dono (“to give”), with an intensive prefix; dono is from…

It is inherited from Old Spanish pie, inherited from Latin pes (“foot”). The stressed short /e/ became the diphthong /je/ and the /d/ between vowels was lost, which gave the regular Old Spanish…

It is inherited from Old Spanish plaça, inherited from Vulgar Latin *plattĕa (“broad street, square”), the popular form of Latin platea. The Latin word is from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa, “broad…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *potēre, the regular infinitive that spoken Latin built in place of classical Latin posse (“to be able”). The DLE says the new infinitive was made on those forms of…

It is inherited from Old Spanish presón, inherited from Latin prehensio (“a seizing, arrest”). Corominas and the Breve diccionario call it a semi-learned word, Wiktionary a semi-learned borrowing…

It is inherited from Old Spanish provar, inherited from Latin probō (“to test; to approve; to prove”). The Latin verb is derived from probus (“good, excellent”). Autoridades noted that the stressed…

It is inherited from Latin populus (“people, body of citizens”). Old Spanish texts also write it poblo, publo, poulo and puebro, and Salamanca still has this form. The learned form of the same Latin…

It is inherited from Latin ratio (“calculation, account; reasoning, reason”), through Old Spanish razon. The Latin noun is derived from ratus (“counted, fixed”), the past participle of reor (“to…

It is inherited from Latin recordor (“to call to mind, remember”); Old Spanish recordar has the same form. The Spanish verb is a popular word, not a learned borrowing. The same Latin verb is…

It continues inherited from Vulgar Latin *rendere, an alteration of reddō (“to give back, deliver”) under the influence of its opposite prendō (“to take”); Old Spanish had render before rendir. This…

It is inherited from Latin recitō (“to read aloud, recite”). The Latin verb is formed with re- (“again”) on citō (“to call forth”). Corominas traces the sound changes through *rezdar and *redzar to…

It is inherited from Old Spanish rico, borrowed from Gothic 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (reiks, “mighty, powerful”), pronounced [riks]. The word exists in all the western Romance languages: Portuguese rico, Catalan ric…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *raubare, a word that spoken Latin borrowed from Proto-Germanic *raubōną (“to plunder, snatch”). Corominas holds that the loan was made early, through the Germanic…

It is inherited from Latin rumpō (“to burst, break”), already romper in the oldest texts. The word has been in general use in every period, and is common to all the Romance languages: Portuguese…

It is inherited from Old Spanish roído, inherited from Latin rugītus (“roaring”), which in Late Latin had taken the sense “din, uproar”. In Latin the word was used almost always for the roar of a…

It is inherited from Old Spanish salir, inherited from Latin salīre (“to jump, leap; to spring forth”). The sense “to go out” is already usual in the earliest Spanish, but the Latin sense “to jump”…

It is inherited from Old Spanish salvar, inherited from Late Latin salvāre (“to save”), a Late Latin verb formed from salvus (“safe, unharmed”). The DCECH notes that in the adjective salvo the Latin…

1. The reflexive pronoun is inherited from Latin sē (“oneself”), the accusative of the Latin reflexive pronoun. The same word is Portuguese se, Galician se, Catalan se, French se, Italian si and…

It is inherited from Old Spanish seis, inherited from Latin sex (“six”). The same Latin word is Portuguese seis, Galician seis, Catalan sis, French six, Italian sei and Romanian șase. The Latin…

It is inherited from Late Latin septimāna (“week”); Old Spanish semana has the same form beside older spellings. The Late Latin noun is the feminine of the adjective septimānus (“of the seventh, of…

It is inherited from Latin sēnsus (“perception, sense, understanding”), the action noun of sentiō (“to feel, perceive”). Corominas notes that the Latin word survives as a popular word only in…

It is inherited from Old Spanish si, inherited from Latin sī (“if”). The Latin conjunction had the older spelling ⟨sei⟩, still found in early inscriptions and in Plautus. The same Latin word is…

1. The word for “oneself” is inherited from Latin sibi (“to or for oneself”), the dative of the reflexive pronoun suī. Bénaben explains the loss of the second syllable as an analogy with mihi, which…

It is inherited from Old Spanish siempre, inherited from Latin semper (“always”). The same Latin word is Portuguese sempre, Galician sempre, Asturian siempre, Catalan sempre, Occitan sempre and…

It is formed from Spanish sombra + -ero, the hat being named for the shade it gives. García de Diego derives it instead from the verb sombrar. Corominas thinks the word was first applied to a hat…

It is inherited from Latin somnus (“sleep”) (Old Spanish suenno), and Spanish merged with it Latin somnium (“dream”), a derivative of ⟨somnus⟩. From the first literary text on, ⟨sueño⟩ has had the…

It continues inherited from Old Spanish sufrir, inherited from Vulgar Latin *sufferīre, a remodelling in the fourth conjugation of Latin sufferre (“to bear, endure”). Corominas notes that the word…

It is inherited from Latin tardē (“slowly; late”), the adverb of tardus (“slow”), and the Old Spanish form was already tarde. The adverb is common to all the western Romance languages; the sense…

It is inherited from Old Spanish tembrar, inherited from Vulgar Latin tremulāre (“to tremble”), a verb formed from tremulus (“trembling”), itself from tremō (“to tremble”). Wiktionary notes that the…

It is inherited from Old Spanish tender, inherited from Latin tendō (“to stretch, spread out”). Corominas notes that the verb has been in general use at every period of Spanish. In the present forms…

It is inherited from Old Spanish traydor, inherited from Latin trāditor (“one who hands over; traitor”). Corominas treats it as taken from Latin, and Wiktionary considers it perhaps semi-learned…

It is inherited from Old Spanish treinta, inherited from Latin trīgintā (“thirty”). Corominas assumes that the Latin form was replaced by a Vulgar Latin variant with a changed vowel, perhaps under…

It is inherited from Old Spanish tu, the unstressed form of the possessive that continues inherited from Latin tuus (“your, yours”). In Romance the Latin possessive split into an unstressed form…

It is inherited from Old Spanish venir, inherited from Latin venīre (“to come”). It has been in use at all periods and survives in every Romance language. The same Latin verb is Portuguese vir…

It is inherited from Old Spanish veer, inherited from Latin videō (“to see”). The modern form is already in the manuscript of the Cid, but Corominas notes that this proves only that it was in use in…

It is inherited from Latin vēritās (“truth, reality”), which Wiktionary and Gómez de Silva derive from the accusative form. The first record is in the Cantar de mio Cid, and vertat is an archaic…

It is inherited from Latin via (“road, street; journey”). The same Latin word survives in all the western Romance languages: Portuguese via, Catalan via, Occitan via, French voie and Italian via. De…

It is inherited from Latin vōs (“you (plural)”). The same pronoun is Portuguese vós, Galician vós, Asturian vós, Catalan vós, Occitan vos, French vous, Italian voi and Romanian voi. vōs continues…

It is inherited from Old Spanish voz, inherited from Latin vox (“voice”). Corominas notes that the word has been in popular use in every period. Wiktionary suggests that the sense “word, term” is a…

It is inherited from Latin et (“and”), through Old Spanish e. The earliest texts write that form, and Nebrija (c. 1495) gives i beside it. The form e survives before words that begin with /i/. The…

It is inherited from Old Spanish baxar, inherited from Vulgar Latin *bassiare (“to lower”). The Vulgar Latin verb is formed from Late Latin bassus (“stout and short; low”), or, in the DLE's wording…

It is inherited from Old Spanish albo, borrowed from Latin albus (“white”). Corominas says that outside a few very archaic Castilian or Mozarabic texts it was only ever a Latinism or a poetic word…

It is inherited from Late Latin focus (“fire”), through Old Spanish fuego. In classical Latin the word was the hearth, the household fire or a brazier; from at least the 4th century it was used in…

It is inherited from Latin iūdicāre (“to judge”), through Old Spanish judgar. Corominas treats it under juez, its Latin base iūdex being the source of that word. Wiktionary names the borrowed…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *usare (“to use”), a frequentative formed on ūsus (“used”), the past participle of ūtor (“to use”). Medieval Latin texts have usare for “to practise; to enjoy; to…

It is inherited from Latin contineō (“to hold together; to contain”), which Corominas records first in the Fuero Juzgo of 1240. Vox calls it a popular word, from the sense “to keep together”, which…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *stabiliscere, an inchoative verb formed from stabiliō (“to make firm, steady”) with the suffix -ēscere that gives Spanish verbs in ⟨-ecer⟩. The Academy's…

It continues inherited from Old Spanish escuro, inherited from Latin obscūrus (“dark, gloomy”), with its form brought back towards the Latin in the Golden Age. The medieval form ⟨escuro⟩ runs from…

It is inherited from Late Latin combattuere (“to fight with, fight”), in the popular form *combattere, a compound of com- (“with, together”) and battuō (“to beat”) (see batir). Corominas treats it…

It is inherited from Old Spanish començar, inherited from Vulgar Latin *cominitiare. The Vulgar Latin verb is formed from com- and initiō (“to initiate”), which Christian authors already used for…