Spanish words first recorded in the 11th century

It is inherited from Latin spissus (“thick, dense, compact”). The Old Spanish form was espesso. The same Latin word is Portuguese espesso, Galician espeso, Asturian espesu, Catalan espès, Occitan…

It is inherited from Latin marītus (“married; husband”), with the same form in Old Spanish, marido. The Latin word was first an adjective, “married, conjugal”, also used in farming of trees “wedded”…

It is inherited from Old Spanish lavor, inherited from Latin labor (“toil, work, task”). Corominas notes that the word was clearly popular in the Middle Ages and that its sound development is that…

It is inherited from Latin bonus (“good”), recorded as Old Spanish bueno in a charter of 1032 and in the Cantar de mio Cid. The learned ⟨bonus⟩ is a later borrowing of the same Latin word. The same…

It is inherited from Old Spanish guerra, borrowed from Medieval Latin werra, which is from Frankish *werʀu (“confusion; quarrel”). The BDELC and García de Diego name a Germanic, Frankish or West…

It is inherited from Latin sōlus (“alone, only”); Old Spanish solo is recorded in a charter of 1040, and the word has been in general use ever since. The adverb, “only”, is the same word: Corominas…

It is inherited from Latin negō (“to say no, deny, refuse”). The same Latin verb is Portuguese negar, Galician negar, Asturian negar, Catalan negar, Occitan negar, French nier and Italian negare…

It is inherited from Latin novus (“new”). Old Spanish wrote it nuevo, mostly spelt ⟨nueuo⟩, with the rarer ⟨nouo⟩. The same Latin word is Portuguese novo, Galician novo, Asturian nuevu, Aragonese…

It is inherited from Latin grandis (“full-grown, large”); the Old Spanish form was already grande. The Latin word meant “grandiose” and “advanced in age”, and was more at home in spoken Latin than…

It is inherited from Latin contrā (“opposite, against”). As a preposition the word was mostly unstressed, so its vowel was treated as unstressed; but Latin's adverbial use survived in part, and with…

It is inherited from Old Spanish fuir, inherited from Vulgar Latin fugīre, the form Vulgar Latin used for the classical infinitive of Latin fugere (“to flee”). The Romance languages all point to…

It is inherited from Late Latin conōscō (“to get to know”), the form that Latin cognōscō took under the influence of the simple verb nōscō. The form without ⟨g⟩ is already found in texts of the…

It is inherited from Old Spanish dos, inherited from Latin duōs (“two”), the accusative form: as usual, Romance generalised the Latin accusative. The /u/ was pronounced as a close /o/ in late Vulgar…

It is inherited from Old Spanish derecho, inherited from Vulgar Latin dērēctus (“straight, direct”), the popular form of Latin dīrēctus, the past participle of dīrigō (“to direct”), itself formed…

It is inherited from Latin īre (“to go”). The Romance languages kept the infinitive of the Latin verb only in Spanish and Portuguese, in the Bearnese valleys of Aspe and Barétous and in some…

It is a masculine formed from Spanish nieta (“granddaughter”), a formation peculiar to the Ibero-Romance languages. nieta continues Vulgar Latin nepta, from Latin neptis (“granddaughter”), which…

It is a noun formed from Spanish cambiar (“to change, exchange”), first recorded, like the verb, in 1068. The DLE instead takes it directly from Late Latin cambium (“exchange”), which Medieval Latin…

It is inherited from Old Spanish puerto, inherited from Latin portus (“harbour entrance, harbour”). The same word is Portuguese porto, Galician porto, Asturian puertu, Catalan port, Occitan port…

It is inherited from Latin quartus (“fourth”), the ordinal of quattuor (“four”). The Old Spanish spelling was quarto. Corominas explains the noun “room” through the use of cuatro for a small, vague…

It is inherited from Old Spanish red, inherited from Latin rēte (“net”). The Latin word was neuter, but popular Latin already had a feminine rētis, and more rarely a masculine one; the masculine…

It continues inherited from Latin excūsō (“to excuse, free from blame”); the Old Spanish form escusar is recorded in a charter of 1076. Wiktionary calls the modern form a semi-learned alteration of…

It is inherited from Latin senior (“older”), the comparative of senex (“old”); the Old Spanish form was sennor. In the plural seniores named the most respected old men in the Late Empire, the…

It is inherited from Old Spanish dinero, inherited from Vulgar Latin *dīnārius, a form of Latin dēnārius (“a silver coin first worth ten asses”). The Latin noun is the adjective “containing ten”…

It is inherited from Old Spanish fumo, inherited from Latin fūmus (“smoke”). The same word is common to all the Romance languages: Portuguese fumo, Galician fume, Catalan fum, Occitan fum, Italian…

It is inherited from Old Spanish çinco, inherited from Vulgar Latin cinque (“five”), from Latin quīnque. cinque is frequent in Christian-era inscriptions; it arose from quīnque by dissimilation of…

It is inherited from Latin quattŭor (“four”), through Old Spanish quatro. The DCECH notes that the only correct Latin form had ⟨tt⟩. Gómez de Silva gives the Vulgar Latin forms quatro and quattor…

It is most probably inherited from Latin campsō (“to sail round, double (a cape); to turn aside”), the explanation of the DCECH, the BDELC and the DLE. The Latin verb was a sailors' word: Ennius…

It is inherited from Latin amor (“love, passion”); Old Spanish amor has the same form. The Latin noun is formed from amō (“to love”) with the suffix -or. The same Latin word is Portuguese amor…

It is inherited from Latin integer (“untouched, intact, whole”), in the Vulgar Latin pronunciation intēgrum with the stress on the second syllable. Since Latin /ɡr/ between vowels normally gave…

It is inherited from Latin ipse (“himself, the same”). The regular outcome was Old Spanish es, used in the Cid, the Libro de Alexandre and Berceo; it was replaced by ese on the model of este. Berceo…

It is inherited from Old Spanish egual, inherited from Latin aequālis (“of the same size or age; equal”), from aequus (“flat, smooth, even; equal”). egual is Berceo's usual form, but igual already…

It is inherited from Late Latin manū tenēre (“to hold in the hand; to support”). Corominas calls it a compound common to all the western Romance languages. The Latin phrase joins manū (“with the…

It is inherited from Latin pater (“father”), from the accusative ⟨patrem⟩; Old Spanish padre has the same form from the earliest texts. The word is general in all periods and in all the Romance…

It is borrowed from Latin persōna (“actor's mask; character; personality; person”), a learned word used in every period. In Latin it meant first a mask, especially the actor's mask, then the part…

It is inherited from Old Spanish recebir, inherited from Latin recipiō (“to take back, receive”). Corominas glosses the Latin verb as “to take, seize” and “to receive”. Henríquez Ureña considers the…