Spanish words first recorded in the 10th century

It is inherited from Late Latin caldāria (“cooking pot, cauldron”), recorded in Spanish from 922. Latin caldāria was a noun made from the feminine of the adjective caldārius (“of or for warming”)…

It is inherited from Late Latin carrāria (“road for carts”), short for via carrāria (“cart road”); the DLE and the DCECH write it as Vulgar Latin *carraria. It is the feminine of the adjective…

It is inherited from Latin caput (“head”); the Old Spanish form was already cabo. Wiktionary gives the intermediate form as Vulgar Latin *capus; Coromines notes that the neuter caput behaves in…

It is inherited from Old Spanish campo, inherited from Latin campus (“plain, open level ground”). In Latin the land that is tilled was ager; its use for such land is an innovation shared by all the…

It is inherited from Latin fortis (“strong, robust”), through Old Spanish fuerte. The stressed short /o/ of Latin became the diphthong /we/, written ⟨ue⟩. The same Latin word is Portuguese forte…

It is inherited from Latin casa (“hut, cottage”), and Old Spanish casa has the same form. In Vulgar Latin it replaced domus (“house”) as the word for a dwelling; Isidore of Seville still defined it…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin por, an alteration of classical prō (“for, on behalf of”). The DLE derives it from prō influenced by per (“through”), as Moliner does, and García de Diego and…

It is inherited from Latin aqua (“water”); Old Spanish agua has the same form in the earliest texts. Spanish kept the Latin /kʷ/ between vowels as /ɡʷ/, the usual voicing of a voiceless stop in that…

It is inherited from Latin ambōs (“both”). The usual Old Spanish form was amos, the only truly Castilian one. The form with ⟨b⟩ lived on beside it, first as a Leonese form, and then spread with the…

It is inherited from Old Spanish anno, inherited from Latin annus (“year”). The same Latin word is Portuguese ano, Galician ano, Asturian añu, Catalan any, French an, Italian anno and Romanian an…

It is inherited from Old Spanish assí. Corominas explains it as formed from Old Spanish a- + sí (“thus”), the older adverb, which is from Latin sīc (“thus, so”); the ⟨a-⟩ merely lengthens the…

It is inherited from Old Spanish caer, inherited from Late Latin cadēre, a Late Latin remodelling of Latin cadō (“to fall”). DÉRom reconstructs both the classical stress, */ˈkadere/, and a form…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin quomo, a contraction of Latin quōmodo (“in what way?; in the way that”). The contracted form is found from the 2nd or 3rd century AD, according to Pirson, and…

It is inherited from Old Spanish correr, inherited from Latin currere (“to run”). The same Latin verb is Portuguese correr, Catalan córrer, French courir, Italian correre and Romanian curge. The…

It is inherited from Latin causa (“cause, reason; matter, question”), and Old Spanish cosa has the same form. In Vulgar Latin the word, starting from the sense “matter, affair”, became a synonym of…

It is inherited from Old Spanish cuerpo, inherited from Latin corpus (“body”). Latin corpus was neuter and should first have given a singular ending in -s, with a plural from corpora; this is what…

It is inherited from Latin ille (“that”) or its accusative, a demonstrative that in Late Latin was already used in popular speech as a mere article, with the sound changes of an unstressed word. The…

It is inherited from Old Spanish falso, inherited from Latin falsus (“false”), properly the past participle of fallō (“to deceive”). The same Latin word is Portuguese falso, Catalan fals, Occitan…

It continues inherited from Latin firmō (“to make firm, strengthen, confirm”), a derivative of firmus (“firm, stable”). Corominas lists it among the derivatives of firme and explains why its ⟨f-⟩…

It is inherited from Old Spanish flor, inherited from Latin flōs (“flower”). The same Latin word is Portuguese flor, Catalan flor, Occitan flor, French fleur, Italian fiore and Romanian floare, and…

It is inherited from Old Spanish fazer, inherited from Latin faciō (“to make, do”). The oldest record is the short infinitive fere of the Glosas Emilianenses, and a charter of 1030 has facer. The…

It is inherited from Latin homo (“human being, man”); the Old Spanish form was omne. The Latin accusative ⟨hominem⟩ lost its unstressed middle vowel, giving ⟨omne⟩; this was dissimilated to omre…

It is inherited from Old Spanish levar, inherited from Latin levāre (“to lighten, relieve; to raise”). The initial /ʎ/ arose in the forms stressed on the root, such as lieva from levat, where the…

It is inherited from Old Spanish luna, inherited from Latin lūna (“moon”). The word has the same form in every period of the language and is common to all the Romance languages. Its cognates include…

It is inherited from Latin magis (“more”), through Old Spanish maes, later contracted to mas. The older form is found mainly in Leonese documents of 1222 and 1246, and mais in the Libro de Alexandre…

It is inherited from Old Spanish morir, inherited from Vulgar Latin morīre, from the classical deponent Latin morī (“to die”). Beside the classical form, of the third conjugation, archaic and vulgar…

It is inherited from Latin mōnstrāre (“to show, point out; advise”). The word is found in every period and in all the Romance languages: Portuguese mostrar, Galician mostrar, Catalan mostrar, French…

It is inherited from Latin multus (“much, many”). The oldest Spanish form was muito, which was shared with Portuguese and still appears in the Glosas Emilianenses. Bénaben sets out the chain from…

It is inherited from Latin nōn (“not”). In Old Spanish the word was usually Old Spanish non, with ⟨no⟩ beside it: the DEMel counts about 17,800 records of ⟨non⟩ against some 1,700 of ⟨no⟩. García de…

It is inherited from Latin nōs (“we, us”), the plural of ego (“I”), and Old Spanish nos has the same form. Wiktionary traces it to the Latin accusative and to the dative nōbīs. The same pronoun is…

It is inherited from Old Spanish altro (the form of the Glosas Emilianenses; the Cid already has the modern form), inherited from Latin alter (“the other of two”). Already in Vulgar Latin it…

It is inherited from Latin paucus (“few, small in number”); Old Spanish poco has the same form from the earliest texts. The same Latin word is Portuguese pouco, Galician pouco, Asturian pocu…

It is inherited from Old Spanish prometer, inherited from Latin prōmittō (“to send forth; to promise”). Corominas dates it to the second half of the 10th century. The same Latin verb is Portuguese…

It is inherited from Latin quid (“what?”) in most of its uses, but the Spanish particle gathers several Latin relative words and particles that merged into one form. As a conjunction it continues…

It is inherited from Latin quaerō (“to seek, ask for”); Old Spanish querer has the same form. The change from “to seek, ask for” to “to want” is found only in Castilian, Portuguese querer, Galician…

It is inherited from Latin sentiō (“to perceive by the senses; to realise; to think, hold an opinion”), and Old Spanish sentir has the same form. The present sientet already occurs in the Glosas…

It is inherited from Latin servīre (“to be a slave; to serve”), derived from servus (“slave”). It is common to all the western Romance languages: Portuguese servir, Galician servir, Catalan servir…

It is inherited from Latin sine (“without”). The oldest Spanish record has the expected form Old Spanish sen, which glosses the Latin ⟨sine testibus⟩ “without witnesses” in the Glosas Silenses, and…

It is inherited from Latin tenēre (“to hold, occupy; to keep”), Old Spanish tener “to hold”. The preterite tuve took its ⟨u⟩ from hube of the near synonym haber. The main event in its history is…

It is inherited from Old Spanish tierra, inherited from Latin terra (“dry land, earth”). Corominas notes that the word is frequent from the earliest texts in all its modern senses, which were…

It is inherited from Old Spanish todo, inherited from Latin tōtus (“whole, entire”). In Romance it also took over the meaning of omnis (“every, all”), which left traces only in Italian and…

It is inherited from Latin vicis (“turn, alternation; place, office”), used in the accusative ⟨vicem⟩ and the ablative ⟨vice⟩. The Latin word has no attested nominative singular; the Academy's…

It is inherited from Old Spanish yo, inherited from Vulgar Latin eo, a reduction of Latin egō (“I”). Corominas attributes the loss of the /g/ to the heavy wear of a grammatical word; the reduced…

The word for the cat is inherited from Old Spanish gato, inherited from Late Latin cattus (“cat”), a word of uncertain origin. The same word is Portuguese gato, Galician gato, Catalan gat, French…

It is inherited from Latin mortuus (“dead”) (Vulgar Latin *mortus), the past participle of morior (“to die”). In Spanish it remains the participle of morir, and is also the adjective and the noun…

It is inherited from Late Latin tenda (“tent”), a word of early Medieval Latin that Byzantine writers record from the 7th century, formed from tendō (“to stretch, spread out”). Wiktionary traces it…

It is inherited from Latin manus (“hand”), and Old Spanish mano has the same form from the first records. The word is general in every period and common to all the Romance languages: Portuguese mão…

It is inherited from Old Spanish alma, inherited from Latin anima (“air, breath; soul”). The learned form ánima lived beside the popular one and is still used in rustic speech, especially of the…