restitución

Forms

restitución f (plural restituciones)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin restitūtiō (“restoration, rebuilding; giving back”), the noun of action of restituo (“to set up again, restore”).^[2][3][1] Corominas lists it, with restituir, among the learned derivatives of estar, and dates it from the second quarter of the 15th century.^[4][5][6] DICCA-XV, however, gives 1250 as the first date in the CORDE.^[7]

The same Latin word is Catalan restitució, French restitution, Italian restituzione and Portuguese restituição.^{[8][6][9][10]}

The Latin noun is formed from the verb with the suffix -tio; the verb is formed from re- (“again”) and statuo (“to set up”).^[3][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The earliest text in the CDH is the Espéculo of Alfonso X (before 1260), where a judgment given against someone can be undone por manera de restitución “by way of restitution”, a term of law.^[11] A document of 1277 already has the Roman law phrase restitución in integrum, the restoration of a party to its full rights.^[11]

Semantic evolution

The word was first a legal one, in charters, procurations and law codes: restitución in integrum or in integro recurs in documents of 1292 and 1352, and the Leyes del estilo (c. 1310) speak of the restitution granted to minors.^[11] Medieval Latin also used restitutio of a written order restoring someone's possession.^[12] In the 15th century it became general, “giving back” what had been taken, and Nebrija rendered it with Latin restitutio and redditio.^[13][7] In the Americas it is recorded from 1533, in a lawsuit at Nombre de Dios.^[14]

The DLE defines it as the act and effect of restoring, and keeps restitución in integrum as a legal phrase.^[2] Vox distinguishes the return of a thing to its former holder from the restoration of a former state.^[15]

Timeline

• before 1260 – the Espéculo of Alfonso X.^[11]
• 1277 – restitución in integrum in a document.^[11]
• 1417 – the first date in DICCA-XV.^[7]
• second quarter of the 15th century – the first record Corominas gives, in Fernán Pérez de Guzmán.^[4][5]
• c. 1495 – Nebrija gives Latin restitutio as its equivalent.^[13]
• 1533 – the first record from the Americas, at Nombre de Dios.^[14]

Meanings

Noun

1. restitution: the act of giving back (restituir) something to its former owner or holder: la restitución de los cuadros al museo.^{[2][16][15][1]}
2. restoration of something to its former state.^[2][15]

Related words

• restituir
• constitución
• sustitución
• Latin restituo

Usage notes

Restitución in integrum is a term of law: the restoration of a minor or other privileged person to all their actions and rights.^[2][17]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. restitución
3. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
4. ^ a b Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 2, 776
5. ^ a b Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. constituir
6. ^ a b Segura Munguía, Santiago (2001), Nuevo diccionario etimológico latín-español y de las voces derivadas, Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, p. 661
7. ^ a b c Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. restitución
8. ^ Echegaray, Eduardo de (1887–1889), Diccionario general etimológico de la lengua española, 5 vols., Madrid: José María Faquineto, p. 166
9. ^ Alcover, Antoni M.; Moll, Francesc de B. (1930–1962), Diccionari català-valencià-balear, 10 vols., Palma de Mallorca: Moll, p. s.v. restitució
10. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. restituição
11. ^ a b c d e Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. restitución
12. ^ du Cange, Charles du Fresne, et al. (1883–1887), Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, augmented ed. by Léopold Favre, Niort: L. Favre
13. ^ a b Nebrija, Antonio de (1513), Vocabulario español-latino, Salamanca, ed. Marina Vidal Díez (2007), Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, p. 409
14. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. restitución
15. ^ a b c Battaner Arias, Paz (dir.) (2017), Diccionario general de la lengua española VOX, Barcelona: Larousse Editorial, p. s.v. restitución
16. ^ Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. restitución
17. ^ Alemany y Bolufer, José (1917), Diccionario de la lengua española, Barcelona: Ramón Sopena, p. 1451