English words first recorded in the 19th century

It is a compound from English sea + food. Early examples are spelled “sea food” or “sea-food”. The word is originally and chiefly American.

It is formed from English emotion + -al.

It is formed from English inflate + -able. Inflate is from Latin inflātus, past participle of īnflō (“to blow into, puff up”), from in- (“into”) and flō (“to blow”), which Watkins traces to…

It is formed from English information + -al. Information goes back through Old French informacion to Latin īnfōrmātiō (“outline, concept, idea”), a noun of action from īnfōrmō (“to give form to; to…

It is a derivation, from English leader + -ship.

It is borrowed from French norme, from Latin norma (“carpenter's square, rule, pattern”), a word of uncertain origin; Klein suggests a borrowing, through Etruscan, of Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn…

The OED, which revised the entry in 2016, takes it as formed from English strategy + -ist, comparing French stratégiste (1831); Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com also derive it from the English…

It is borrowed from French trimestre, a noun recorded in French in Cotgrave's dictionary (1611), a learned borrowing from Latin trimēstris (“of three months”), also trimēnstris, formed from tri-…

Etymonline, Merriam-Webster and Klein take it as borrowed from French viabilité, from viable (“capable of living”); the OED, which revised the entry in 2024, treats it as formed from English viable…

It is borrowed from French blouse, a loose garment for the upper body worn especially by farm labourers and workmen, recorded in French from 1788, itself of uncertain or unknown origin. Partridge…

It is a compound of boy and friend.

It is formed from English commute + -er, first in the United States. It first meant the holder of a commutation ticket, a ticket sold by a ferry or railway company at a reduced rate for a set number…

It is borrowed from French coupon (“piece cut off”), from couper (“to cut”), from coup (“a blow”) (see coup), which goes back through Late Latin colpus to Latin colaphus (“a blow with the fist”).

It is a compound from English land + slide, first recorded in American English. The earlier word was landslip, from the 1670s, which is still preferred in Britain.

It is borrowed from French ménopause, a term used by C. P. L. de Gardanne in a book of 1821 based on his doctoral thesis of 1812, where he had proposed ménèspausie. The French word is formed from…

It is formed from English sequence + -al, on the pattern of consequential, or directly from Late Latin sequentia (“sequence”) with the English suffix. Dictionary.com takes it from sequent and -ial…

It is formed from sub- and way.

It is a compound from English tread + mill, the verb tread and the noun mill.

It is from Ancient Greek ἀναίσθητος (anaísthētos, “without feeling, insensible”) with the suffix -ic. The Greek adjective is formed from ἀν- (an-, “not, without”) and αἰσθητός (aisthētós…

It is formed from English axis + -al, also analysed as axi- with -al. The OED takes the base directly from Latin axis (“axle, pivot, axis of the earth”). Etymonline traces the Latin noun to…

It is borrowed from French élite (“selection, choice”), a noun use of the feminine of Old French eslit, the past participle of eslire “to choose”, from Vulgar Latin *exligō, an alteration of ēligō…

It is formed from Latin hilaris (“cheerful, merry”), a variant of hilarus, and -ous; the Latin word is from Ancient Greek ἱλαρός (hilarós, “cheerful”) (see hilarity).

It is formed from English hydrate + -ation, or, in Merriam-Webster's analysis, from hydrate and the suffix -ion; Etymonline suggests it may also come from French hydration. The chemical noun hydrate…

It is formed from English im- + practical, with the form of the prefix in- meaning "not" that is used before p.

It is formed from English issue + -ance according to Etymonline and Random House; the Shorter Oxford derives it from issuant.

It is a childish and colloquial clipping of mamma, mama.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μανικός (manikós, “mad, frenzied”), from μανία (manía, “madness”) and the suffix -ικός (-ikós). Etymonline and the Shorter Oxford derive it from English mania +…

It is formed from English meteor + -ite; the OED compares French météorite, recorded in 1822, which Klein gives as the source. Meteor is from Old French meteore and Medieval Latin meteorum, from…

1. The sound word is imitative, often paired with ping. Its use for table tennis is a shortening of ping-pong, itself imitative of the sound of the ball. 2. The noun meaning a smell is of unknown…

It is a compound from English score + board; the OED compares the slightly earlier scoring board.

It is formed from series and -al, perhaps suggested by French sérial, which appeared about the same time.

It began as a dialect word, probably formed from English troll + -y, from troll in the sense "to roll", with -y as a diminutive suffix. The OED marks the connection as uncertain and compares other…

It is borrowed from French viable (“capable of life”) (1530s), from vie, life, from Latin vīta (see vital), and -able.

It is formed from English aeronautic + -ics, after French aéronautique and New Latin aeronautica. Barnhart allows either that or a formation from the New Latin word with the English suffix, and the…

It is formed from English bass + -ist, from the musical noun, not the fish. Etymonline notes that the word was used earlier in German. The musical noun comes from the adjective meaning low, from…

It is formed from English catastrophe + -ic, though the OED takes it as a borrowing of Ancient Greek καταστροφικός (katastrophikós), from καταστροφή (katastrophḗ, “overturning, sudden turn…

It is a compound from English drive + way. Dictionary.com marks it as an Americanism, and the Shorter Oxford as chiefly North American. Drive alone in the sense of a road for driving is recorded…

It is formed from English embody + -ment. Embody is itself formed from em- and body, first in the 1540s of a soul or spirit given a bodily form. An older spelling was imbodiment, now rare.

It is formed from English launch + -er. Launch comes from Old French lancher, the Old Northern French form of lancier (“to fling, hurl”), from Late Latin lanceō (“to wield a lance”), from Latin…

The OED takes it as borrowed from French méningitis, from F. Herpin's title “Méningitis, ou inflammation des membranes de l’encéphale” (1803), formed from méninge and the suffix; other dictionaries…

It is formed from English snipe + -er, from the verb meaning to shoot at people one at a time from cover, recorded from 1782 in the OED, but from 1773, among British soldiers in India, in…

It is borrowed from Latin vertebrātus (“jointed, articulated”), a word used by Pliny, from vertebra (“joint, joint of the spine”) and the suffix -ātus. Merriam-Webster has the English adjective come…

It is from withdraw with the suffix -al, replacing earlier nouns such as withdrawing (early 14th century), withdraught (mid-14th century) and withdrawment (1630s).

It is formed from English fluff + -y, from the noun fluff, recorded from 1790. That noun is apparently a variant of an earlier floow (“woolly substance, down”); the OED connects it with flue and…

It is formed from English inter- (“between”) + continental. Etymonline records it as an American English word.

It is formed from English man + power, after horsepower. The verb is a conversion of the noun.

It is an English coinage, first spelled mediaeval, from Latin medium, middle, and aevum, age, with the suffix -al, after New Latin medium aevum, the Middle Ages, a learned phrase developed from the…

Its origin is uncertain. Most dictionaries take it as perhaps from English nug + -et, a diminutive of the dialect word nug, a lump, block or unshaped mass, itself of unknown origin. The OED compares…

It was formed from English phenomenon + -al in English, after phénoménal, recorded in 1803. Etymonline calls it a hybrid of the Greek noun and a Latin suffix.

It is formed from English re- + distribution, after the verb redistribute, which is recorded from 1611 and was originally modelled on French redistribuer, as in Cotgrave's French–English dictionary…

It is borrowed from French troupe (“company, troop”), recorded in French from the 16th century and the same word as Old French trope (13th century), which English had already borrowed in the 16th…

It is formed from English waste + land. Etymonline and the Shorter Oxford take the first part as the adjective, the OED as the noun, and the OED adds that the compound can no longer be told apart…

It is formed from English arouse + -al, with the suffix that makes nouns of action. Arouse, first used by Shakespeare in 1593, is formed from rouse with the prefix a-, after such pairs as rise and…

It is formed from English bench + mark. The term comes from surveying: the mark served as a place to insert an angle iron, which acted as a bench or level support for the levelling rod. The Shorter…

It is a London shortening from English cabriolet, a light covered horse-drawn carriage (1763), from French cabriolet, a diminutive of cabriole (“a leap, caper”), earlier capriole, from Italian…

It is borrowed from French chef (“head”), short for chef de cuisine (“head of the kitchen”), from Old French chief (“leader, head”) (see chief), from Latin caput (“head”).

It is formed from Latin competit-, past participle stem of competō, the source of compete, and the suffix -ive. Merriam-Webster derives it from competit- as in competitor.

It is formed from English lime + light, from the incandescent lime that gives the light.

It is formed from English melano- + -oma, and Merriam-Webster and Etymonline call it a New Latin or medical Latin formation. The first element is from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “black”), genitive…

It is formed from English negative + -ity. The OED compares French négativité, recorded in 1838, and German Negativität, recorded in 1843. Negative came into Middle English from Anglo-Norman negatif…