English words first recorded in the 15th century

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin quotātiō (“numbering, reckoning”), from the stem of quotātus, the past participle of quotō (“to number, mark with numbers”), which was formed from Latin quotus…

It is formed from English re- + enforce, in the older spelling inforce, after the earlier verb renforce (about 1473–1668), with which it overlaps in meaning. That verb is from Middle French…

It is borrowed from Latin repositōrium, partly borrowed from Middle French repositoire (“a storehouse”), according to Barnhart, Etymonline, Hoad and Skeat; the OED only compares the French word. In…

It is borrowed from Latin ventilātiō (“exposure to the air”), a noun of action from ventilātus, the past participle of ventilō (“to fan, winnow, brandish, toss in the air”), from ventulus (“a…

The origin is disputed. It is probably borrowed from Middle Low German ballast, recorded from the second half of the 14th century; the OED also allows Dutch ballast (1399) or Middle French ballast…

It is an agent noun from English mark + -er. Old English had mearcere (“writer, notary”), glossing Latin notārius (“clerk”), but the word is not found again until the late 15th century, so the…

It is of uncertain origin, but probably from Middle French poupée (“doll, toy”), from Vulgar Latin *puppa, from Latin pūpa, girl, doll (see puppet and pupil), since a small pet dog was treated like…

It is borrowed from Latin accumulātus, the past participle of accumulō (“to heap up, pile up; to add to, increase”), formed from ad- (“to; here, in addition”) and cumulō (“to heap up”), from cumulus…

It is probably partly borrowed from Medieval Latin affectiōnātus (“inclined, disposed, well disposed”), recorded in British sources from about 1350, and partly formed from English affection + -ate…

It is borrowed from Latin ambiguus (“undecided, doubtful, wavering; having more than one meaning”) with the suffix -ous, from ambigō (“to wander about; to waver, be in doubt; to dispute”), from…

It is formed from English cumber + -some. Dictionary.com gives the Middle English form cummyrsum. The verb cumber is probably a shortening of encumber or accumber, though Hoad notes difficulties of…

It is borrowed from Latin dēfaecātus, the past participle of dēfaecō (“to cleanse from dregs, purify”). Barnhart traces the Latin verb, re-formed from dēficāre, to the phrase dē faece (“from…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin disciplinarius, recorded in British sources from the 12th century in the senses "educated" and "educational", formed on disciplīna (“instruction, teaching…

It is formed from English economic + -al, or, in the OED's revised account, from Latin oeconomicus or its source Ancient Greek οἰκονομικός (oikonomikós) with the English suffix, probably also…

It is apparently formed from English fog + -y, although the noun fog in the sense of mist is first recorded later than the adjective. Etymonline considers foggy perhaps from a Scandinavian source…

It is formed from English mis- (“wrong”) + demeanor (“conduct”), so that it means literally bad conduct. The second part was demenure (“conduct, management”) in Middle English, from demenen (“to…

It is borrowed from Latin officiōsus (“dutiful, attentive, obliging, importunate”), from officium (“service, kindness, duty, office”), the source of office, with the suffix -ōsus. Barnhart allows…

It is borrowed from Middle French persuasif (“having the power of persuading”), or its own source, borrowed from Medieval Latin persuāsīvus, from Latin persuādeō (“to persuade, convince”), through…

It is inherited from Middle English avaunt garde, also vantgard and vandgard, borrowed from Anglo-Norman avantgarde, also vantgarde, a variant of Old French avant-garde. The OED and Dictionary.com…

It is inherited from Middle English forfrount, also forefrount, formed from Middle English fore- + frount (“front”). Etymonline and Klein call it a hybrid, with a native first part and a second part…

It is formed from English war + -like. Merriam-Webster Unabridged gives the Middle English form as werlik, from werre (“war”) and lik (“like”). The OED compares warly. War goes back through that…

It is formed from English war + ship. The OED compares the phrase ship of war.

It is from English decease, its past participle, used as an adjective.

It is borrowed from Middle French effort, from Old French esforz, esfort “force, impetuosity, strength”, a verbal noun from esforcier “to force out, exert oneself”, from Vulgar Latin *exfortiō (“to…

It is borrowed from Middle French exclamer, and perhaps directly borrowed from Latin exclāmō (“to cry out loud, call out”), from ex- (“out”), perhaps here an intensive, and clāmō (“to cry, shout…

It is inherited from Middle English glen (Scots), borrowed from Scottish Gaelic gleann, earlier glenn, cognate with Old Irish glenn and Welsh glyn (“valley”), of unknown origin.

It was formed from English retail + -er in English, probably in 1466, after an earlier retaillour (1444); Etymonline allows an origin in an Old French agent noun as well. The OED compares retaillier…

It is formed from English reverse + -al, originally in legal use after Anglo-Norman reversaille, which is recorded from 1341 in the sense of revocation or annulment. Merriam-Webster Unabridged…

It is inherited from Middle English riggen, originally a nautical word of obscure origin, probably from a Scandinavian source, compare Danish rigge (“to equip”), Norwegian rigge and Swedish rigga…

It is borrowed from Middle French stratageme, also strategeme, now stratagème, and partly directly borrowed from Latin stratēgēma (“piece of generalship, ruse”), from Ancient Greek στρατήγημα…

It is formed from English three + -some, the suffix used with numerals for a group of that number. Merriam-Webster traces it to a Scots form thresum of Middle English, made of thre (“three”) and the…

It is borrowed from Middle French absorber and partly a direct borrowing of Latin absorbeō (“to swallow down, devour, engulf”). In Old French the verb is recorded from the mid-11th century as…

It is partly borrowed from Anglo-Norman acceleratiun, also acceleraciun, and Middle French acceleration, now accélération, and partly borrowed from Latin accelerātiō (“a hastening”). The…

It is borrowed from Middle French accumulacion, also accumulation, and its source Latin accumulātiō (“a heaping up”), a noun of action from accumulō (“to heap up, amass”), formed from ad- (“to”)…

It is inherited from Middle English aquatyque, borrowed from Middle French aquatique, and directly Latin aquāticus (“watery; living in water”), from aqua (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *akwa-…

It is borrowed from Middle French destructif, from Late Latin dēstrūctīvus, from dēstrūctus, the past participle of dēstruō (“to tear down, demolish”) (see destroy).

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin dēvolūtiō, a post-classical Latin noun that meant "corruption" in the 5th century, and later, in British and continental sources, the passage of time, the…

It is borrowed from Middle French fatalité (“the agency that predetermines events, fate”), from Late Latin fātālitās (“fatal necessity”), from fātālis (“ordained by fate; destructive, deadly”), the…

It is borrowed from Old French formatif, feminine formative, recorded in Old French from the 12th century and formed as if from a Latin *formātīvus; the Oxford Dictionary of English and the Shorter…

It is borrowed from French furtif, feminine furtive, and perhaps also directly borrowed from Latin fūrtīvus (“stolen; hidden, secret”). The Latin adjective comes from fūrtum (“theft, a stolen…

It is borrowed from Middle French intérieur, and directly from Latin interior (“inner, middle”), a comparative adjective of inter “within”, from Proto-Indo-European *enter (“between, among”), a…

It is inherited from Middle English intrinsique (“inner”), borrowed from French intrinsèque (“inner, internal”), which the OED finds in French in the 13th–14th century; Barnhart calls the French…

It is borrowed from Middle French mobile, from Latin mōbilis (“movable, easy to move; changeable, fickle”), a contraction of *movibilis, from moveō (“to move”), the source of move, from…

It is late Middle English, borrowed from Old French mobilité (“changeableness, fickleness”) and directly from Latin mōbilitās, mōbilitātem, activity, speed, figuratively changeableness, from…

It is borrowed from Middle French nuptial (“of marriage or a wedding”) or directly borrowed from Latin nūptiālis (“of marriage or a wedding”), first written nupcyalle and nupcialle in English. The…

It is inherited from Middle English parlai, generally taken as borrowed from Old French parlee (“discussion, talk”), the feminine past participle of parler (“to speak”) used as a noun, from Vulgar…

It is borrowed from Middle French poetique (“of poetry”), now poétique, and its source borrowed from Latin poēticus (“creative; belonging to poetry”), from Ancient Greek ποιητικός (poiētikós…

It is borrowed from Middle French présider (“to govern, control”), from Latin praesideō (“to stand guard; to superintend”), literally "to sit in front of", formed from prae- (“before”) and sedeō…

It is borrowed from Middle French submerger and directly borrowed from Latin submergō (“to cause to sink, plunge under”). Several dictionaries name only the Latin verb. The verb is formed with sub-…

It is inherited from Middle English succomben, borrowed from Old French succomber, also subcomber, and directly borrowed from Latin succumbō (“to lie under, sink down, yield, submit”). Barnhart…

It is probably borrowed from Middle French sourge-, the present stem of sourdre (“to rise, spring up”), from Latin surgō (“to rise”), a contraction of surrigō, from sub- (“up from below”) and regō…

It is borrowed from Middle French viril and directly borrowed from Latin virīlis (“of a man, manly”), from vir (“man, hero”), with the suffix -īlis, from Proto-Indo-European *wi-ro- (“man”)…

It is an alteration, after words in -age such as damage, of earlier averay, borrowed from Middle French avarie (“damage to ship or cargo; port dues”), from Old Italian avaria, a word of 12th-century…

It is borrowed from Latin invādō (“to go into, enter violently, attack”), formed from in- (“in, into”) and vādō (“to go, walk”). Barnhart takes it partly from Middle French invader, and the American…

It is borrowed from Old French debatable (now French débattable), from debatre (“to debate”), originally "to fight", formed from de- (“down, completely”) and batre (“to beat”), from Latin battuō…

It is partly borrowed from Middle French modification and partly borrowed from Latin modificātiō (“bringing to order, regulation; a measuring”), a noun of action from modificō (“to measure, limit…

It is borrowed from Old French sollicitation, also solicitation, and directly borrowed from Latin sollicitātiō (“vexation, disturbance, instigation”). Klein calls the French word Middle French. The…

It is borrowed from Late Latin beneficialis (“pertaining to a favour”), partly through Old French bénéficial, from beneficium (“a favour, kindness”) (see benefice), from beneficus, kind, from bene…

The adjective is borrowed from Latin dēgenerātus, the past participle of dēgenerō (“to fall away from an earlier standard, to depart from one's kind”), perhaps under the influence of Middle French…

1. The tax is borrowed from Middle Dutch excijs, recorded in Middle Dutch from 1406, an apparent alteration of accijs (“tax”) under the influence of Latin excīsus (“cut out”), the past participle of…