English words first recorded in the 13th century

It is borrowed from Old French dame (“lady, mistress, wife”), from Late Latin domna, Latin domina (“mistress of the house, lady”), the feminine of dominus, lord, from domus, house (see dome). In Old…

It is inherited from Middle English daunger (“power, jurisdiction; liability; reluctance”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman daunger, Old French dangier “power, power to harm, mastery”, an alteration…

It is inherited from Middle English daungerous (“haughty, hard to please”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman dangerous, Old French dangeros, from dangier (“power, mastery, power to harm”) and the suffix…

It is inherited from Middle English dettour, also detour and dettere, borrowed from Anglo-Norman detour, also dettur, and Old French detor, and directly borrowed from Latin dēbitor. The Latin noun…

It is borrowed from Old French delit (“pleasure, delight”), from delitier, to please greatly, from Latin dēlectō, to allure, charm, a frequentative of dēlicere, to entice, from dē-, away, and laciō…

It is inherited from Middle English deliveren, borrowed from Old French delivrer (“to set free; remove; hand over”), from Late Latin dēlīberō, from dē “away” and Latin līberō “to free”, from līber…

It is inherited from Middle English departen, borrowed from Old French departir (“to divide, distribute; to separate oneself, leave; to die”), from Late Latin departiō (“to divide”), which Ayto…

It is inherited from Middle English deserven, borrowed from Old French deservir (“to deserve, be worthy of, earn”) (modern desservir), from Latin dēserviō (“to serve well, serve zealously”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English devocioun, borrowed from Old French devocion, and directly Latin dēvōtiō (“a devoting, consecrating”), in Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com its later form…

It is inherited from Middle English devout, also devot, borrowed from Old French devot (“pious, devoted”), and partly directly borrowed from Latin dēvōtus (“devoted, given up by vow”), the past…

It is inherited from Middle English dyaloge, borrowed from Old French dialoge and directly borrowed from Latin dialogus, from Ancient Greek διάλογος (diálogos, “conversation, discourse”), related to…

It is inherited from Middle English dignete, borrowed from Old French digneté (“dignity, privilege, honour”) (modern French dignité), from Latin dignitās, dignitātem, worthiness, from dignus…

It is inherited from Middle English desputen, disputen, borrowed from Old French desputer and directly disputāre (“to examine, discuss, argue”), from dis- (“apart”) and putāre (“to count…

It is inherited from Middle English distinccioun, borrowed from Old French distinction and directly Latin distinctio (“separation, discrimination”), from the past participle stem of distinguere (“to…

1. The share or portion is inherited from Middle English dol, inherited from Old English dāl (“division, portion, share”), which Etymonline and Barnhart take as shortened from gedāl (“portion”). It…

It is inherited from Middle English dounright, formed from Middle English doun + right, from down and right. The OED takes it as probably an aphetic form of adownright, recorded from Old English to…

It is inherited from Middle English eise, ese, borrowed from Old French aise (“comfort, pleasure; opportunity; elbow-room”) (Anglo-Norman ese), of uncertain origin. Watkins, the MWU, Hoad and the…

It is inherited from Middle English enemi, borrowed from Old French enemi (“enemy, adversary, foe; demon, the Devil”) (modern French ennemi), earlier inimi, from Latin inimīcus (“an enemy”)…

It is formed from English ever + lasting. Lasting is the present participle of last, lasten. Weekley regarded it as a Middle English coinage to render eternal, and the OED notes that its sense of…

It comes from the Middle English phrase every thing, a compound, from English every + thing, long written as two words.

It is inherited from Middle English excellencie, borrowed from Latin excellentia (“superiority, excellence”), from excellēns, the present participle of excellō (“to surpass”). It is the Latin noun…

It is inherited from Middle English escusen, later excusen, borrowed from Old French escuser (“to apologize, make excuses; pardon”) (1190, modern excuser), from Latin excūsō (“to release from a…

It is borrowed from Old French fame (“fame, reputation, rumour”), from Latin fāma (“talk, rumour, report, reputation”), related to Ancient Greek φήμη (phḗmē) “voice, report”, from PIE…

It is inherited from Middle English familiarite, borrowed from Anglo-Norman familiarté, also familierté and familiarité, and Old French familiarite, which meant friendship, intimacy and fellowship…

It is a special use of Middle English flur, flower, in the sense of the best or finest part, here the finest part of ground grain, as in flour of huete, “flower of wheat” (1340), and French fleur de…

It is inherited from Middle English folie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman folie, from Old French folie (“folly, madness, stupidity”), from fol (“foolish, mad”) and the suffix -ie. The adjective fol is…

It is inherited from Middle English furneis, also fornais and furnas, borrowed from Old French fornais, also fornaise, now fournaise, from Latin fornāx (“oven, kiln”), a derivative of fornus or…

It is inherited from Middle English galoun, borrowed from Old Northern French galon (the Anglo-Norman galun), which corresponds to Central Old French jalon, a measure for liquids. The French word is…

It is inherited from Middle English gentil, borrowed from Old French gentil (“high-born, noble”), from Latin gentilis (“of the same family or clan”), from gens (“race, clan”) (genitive gentis), from…

It is inherited from Middle English glu (also glew), borrowed from Old French glu (“glue, birdlime”), from Late Latin glūs (stem glūt-), a post-classical form of Latin glūten (“glue, beeswax”)…

It is inherited from Middle English glotoun, glutun, borrowed from Old French gloton, gluton, from Latin gluttō (“overeater”) (accusative gluttōnem), related to gluttiō (“to swallow”) and gula…

It is inherited from Middle English gravel, borrowed from Old French gravele (“sand, gravel; seashore; sandy bed of a river”), a diminutive of grave (“gravel, coarse sand; seashore”), modern French…

It is inherited from Middle English greven, borrowed from Old French grever (“to burden, oppress, afflict”), which the Anglo-Norman Dictionary records from the mid-12th century with the senses to…

It is inherited from Middle English grom, also grome and groum, of uncertain origin. Surnames such as Richard Grom (about 1100) and Ernald le Grom (1187) probably show it in use earlier. The MED…

It is formed from English hard + -ship; the Middle English form was hardshipe, written heardschipe in the Ancrene Wisse.

It is inherited from Middle English helere, formed from Middle English helen (“to heal”) + -ere, that is heal and -er. Etymonline dates the noun to late Old English. The verb is from Old English…

It is inherited from Middle English homage, also omage and umage, borrowed from Old French homage, also omage, with Anglo-Norman spellings such as homaige and humage, now hommage. The French word is…

It is inherited from Middle English houswif, also husewif, formed from Middle English hous (“house”) + wif (“woman, wife”), the elements of house and wife. The OED compares the now archaic Dutch…

It is inherited from Middle English incest, borrowed from Latin incestus (“unchastity, incest”) or incestum, both nouns formed from the adjective incestus, impure, unchaste. The adjective is formed…

1. The noun is Middle English entent, entente, borrowed from Old French entent (“intention, application”) and entente (“intention, purpose”), from Late Latin intentus (“attention, intention”) and…

It is inherited from Middle English gelusie, also jelosie, borrowed from Old French gelosie (modern jalousie), also meaning "enthusiasm, love, longing", formed on gelos (“keen, zealous; jealous”)…

1. The verb is inherited from Middle English killen, earlier cullen (“to strike, hit”), also kulle and kelle. Its origin is uncertain. Most dictionaries suggest an unrecorded Old English *cyllan…

It is formed from English less + -en. The OED treats it as a new formation of about 1400 that replaced an earlier verb less, and Dictionary.com likewise has late Middle English lessenen, also…

It is inherited from Middle English lessoun, lesceun, borrowed from Old French leçon, from Latin lēctiō (“a reading”), a noun of action from legō “to read”, from Proto-Indo-European *leg- (“to…

It is Middle English, formed from the verb love and -er. Old English had lufend for a male lover and lufestre for a female one.

It is formed from English man + -hood, first as inherited from Middle English manhede and manhode. The OED compares Middle Dutch manheit, Middle Low German manheit, Old High German manheit and the…

It is inherited from Middle English maistrie, also mesterie, borrowed from Old French maistrie, also mestrie, meaning authority, power, superiority or skill, formed from maistre (“master”) and the…

It is inherited from Middle English medecine, borrowed from Old French medecine (“medicine, art of healing, cure”), and directly from Latin medicīna (“the healing art; a remedy”), perhaps originally…

It is inherited from Middle English meditacioun, borrowed from Old French meditacion (“thought, reflection, study”) and directly Latin meditātiō (“a thinking over”), from the past participle stem of…

It is inherited from Middle English mirour, borrowed from Old French mireor, mirour (“a reflecting glass; a model, example”), from mirer “to look at”, from Vulgar Latin *mirō, a variant of Latin…

1. The noun meaning a craft or a need is borrowed from Anglo-Norman mester, also mestier and mister, with its Old French counterpart mestier, the source of French métier and so of English métier…

It is inherited from Middle English misunderstonden, also misunderstanden, formed from Middle English mis- (“badly, wrongly”) + understonden (“to understand”), that is, mis- and understand.

It is inherited from Middle English mone, also man and mane, probably inherited from Old English *mān (“complaint, lamentation”), a noun not found in writing but implied by the verb mǣnan (“to…

It is formed from English mow + -er. The verb mow is from Old English māwan (“to cut grass with a scythe”), from Proto-Germanic *mēaną, also the source of maaien and mähen and of Old English mǣd…

It is inherited from Middle English obedient, also obediant and obediand, borrowed from Anglo-Norman obediant and Old French obedient, from Latin oboediēns (“obedient, compliant”), the present…

It is first inherited from Middle English urnement, later ournement and ornement, borrowed from Anglo-Norman urnement, also ournament, borrowed from Old French ornement, partly also directly…

It is formed from out and come, after the verbal phrase to come out. Old English had ūtancumen “stranger”.

It is formed from Middle English over- + taken. The OED compares the phrasal verb take over and the earlier oftaken, and Etymonline notes that the OED's editors found the sense of over- in it "not…

It is inherited from Middle English overturnen, formed from Middle English over + turnen (“to turn”), the counterpart of the phrasal verb turn over. The noun, recorded from about 1592, is formed…

It is inherited from Middle English palais, borrowed from Old French paleis, palais and directly from Medieval Latin palacium, from Latin palātium, from Palātium, the Palatine Hill in Rome, where…