English words first recorded in the 13th century

It is inherited from Middle English pouren, of unknown origin. Etymonline and Barnhart suggest a borrowing of Flemish dialect Old French purer, to sift grain, pour out water, from Latin pūrāre (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English pouer, borrowed from Anglo-Norman poer (Old French poeir, modern French pouvoir), the infinitive poeir (“to be able”) used as a noun, from Vulgar Latin *poteō…

It is inherited from Middle English preiere, borrowed from Old French preiere, prier, from Medieval Latin precaria (“petition, prayer”), a noun use of the feminine of Latin precārius “obtained by…

It is inherited from Middle English prejudice, borrowed from Old French prejudice (“harm, damage”), recorded in Old French from the second half of the 13th century and in Anglo-Norman from 1267, and…

It is inherited from Middle English prente, borrowed from Old French preinte (“impression”), the noun use of the feminine past participle of preindre “to press”, an alteration of earlier prembre…

1. The noun is a spelling of Middle English pris, prise, borrowed from Old French pris (“price, value, worth; reward”), from Latin pretium (“price, value”); the spelling with z, which separated it…

It is inherited from Middle English procuren, borrowed from Anglo-Norman procurer and Middle French procurer, now procurer, and partly borrowed from Latin prōcūrō, in Late Latin "to obtain", in…

It is Middle English, borrowed from Old French profitable, porfitable, from profiter, to profit (see profit), with the suffix -able, or formed in English from the verb profit.

It is borrowed from Old French profond (“deep”), also profund, and directly Latin profundus (“deep, bottomless, vast”), from prō (“forth, before”) and fundus (“bottom”) (see bottom and fund).

It is inherited from Middle English propre, borrowed from Old French propre (“own, particular; exact, fitting”) and directly from Latin proprius (“one's own, particular to itself”), of uncertain…

It is inherited from Middle English prose, borrowed from Anglo-Norman prouse and Old French prose, partly also directly from Latin prōsa, short for prōsa ōrātiō (“straightforward speech”). The Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English punishen, borrowed from Old French puniss-, the extended stem of punir (“to punish”), from Latin pūniō (“to inflict a penalty on”), earlier poeniō, from poena…

It is inherited from Middle English purgen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman purger, also purgir, and Old French purgier (“to wash, clean; to refine, purify”), and partly directly from Latin pūrgō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English pushen, earlier possen, borrowed from Old French poulser, modern French pousser, from Latin pulsō (“to beat, strike, push”), a frequentative of pellō (“to push…

1. The hunted animal is inherited from Middle English quirre, also querre, borrowed from Anglo-Norman quirreie, from Old French cuiriee (“the hounds' share of the kill”) (modern French curée), an…

It is inherited from Middle English quarter, borrowed from Anglo-Norman quarter, Old French quartier, from Latin quārtārius (“fourth part of a measure”), from quārtus (“fourth”), related to quattuor…

The noun is inherited from Middle English quiet, borrowed from Anglo-Norman quiete, Old French quieté “rest, repose, tranquillity”, and directly from Latin quiēs (“a lying still, rest, repose…

1. The mob is inherited from Middle English rabel (“pack of animals”), of uncertain origin. It is probably related to rablen (“to speak rapidly and confusedly”), probably borrowed from Middle Dutch…

1. The contest is inherited from Middle English ras (“a rush, an onslaught; running”), borrowed from Old Norse rás (“a running, a rush of water”), cognate with Old English rǣs (“a running, rush…

1. The cloud is inherited from Middle English rak (“rapid movement, rain cloud”), probably of Scandinavian origin; compare Old Norse rek (“jetsam, wreckage”) and Norwegian and Swedish dialect rak…

It is Middle English, borrowed from Old French rage (“spirit, passion, fury, madness”), raige, from Medieval and Late Latin rabia, from Latin rabies (“madness, rage, fury”), related to rabere, to be…

It is inherited from Middle English raumpaunt, also rampaunt, borrowed from Anglo-Norman rampant or Old French rampant (“creeping, crawling; rearing”), the present participle used as an adjective of…

1. It is inherited from Middle English rappe, probably of imitative origin (compare clap, flap, slap), but much like Swedish rapp, Norwegian rapp and Danish rap, a light blow, which may suggest a…

1. The beam is inherited from Middle English rai, borrowed from Old French rai (“ray of the sun, spoke of a wheel”), from Latin radius (“ray, spoke, staff, rod”), perhaps from an earlier form…

It is inherited from Middle English rasour, borrowed from Old French rasor, also raseor and rasour, from raser (“to scrape, shave”), the source of raze, with the agent suffix -or. The Anglo-Norman…

It is inherited from Middle English resonable, borrowed from Old French raisonable, on the model of Latin ratiōnābilis (“rational”), from ratio “reckoning, understanding”, from ratus, past…

It is inherited from Middle English resceiven, receiven, borrowed from Old French receivre (“to seize, take hold of; to welcome, accept”), the Old North French form of Old French reçoivre, later…

It is inherited from Middle English rekeveren, recoveren, borrowed from Anglo-Norman recoverer, from Old French recovrer (“to come back; to regain health; to get again”) (modern French recouvrer)…

1. The verb is inherited from Middle English refusen, borrowed from Old French refuser (“to reject, avoid”), from Vulgar Latin *refūsō, a frequentative from the past participle of refundō (“to pour…

It is inherited from Middle English regioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman regioun, Old French region “land, region, province”, from Latin regiō (“direction, line, boundary; district, territory”)…

It is inherited from Middle English relesen, borrowed from Old French relaissier (“to relinquish, let go”), also relesser, a variant of relacher (“to release, relax”), from Latin relaxō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English remnaunt, also remnant, a contraction of remenaunt or remanant, borrowed from Old French remanant, also remenant (“rest, remainder, surplus”), the noun use of the…

It is inherited from Middle English removen or remeven, borrowed from Old French removoir (“to move, stir; leave; take away”) (French remouvoir), from Latin removeō (“to move back or away, take…

1. To go is inherited from Middle English repairen, borrowed from Old French repairer, repairier (“to return, come back, frequent”), from Late Latin repatriō (“to return to one's own country”). It…

It is inherited from Middle English repenten, borrowed from Old French repentir, with the Anglo-Norman variant repenter, which is formed from re-, probably intensive here, and pentir (“to be…

It is inherited from Middle English repentaunce, borrowed from Anglo-Norman repentaunce, also repentance, as in Old French repentance (“penitence”), formed from repentir (“to repent”) and the suffix…

It is inherited from Middle English rescouen, rescuwen, borrowed from Old French rescou-, the stem of rescourre “to protect, free, deliver”, formed from re-, here intensive, and escourre “to shake…

It is inherited from Middle English respit, borrowed from Anglo-Norman respit, also respiit, the Anglo-Norman and Old French word for a delay or extension of time, now répit. That is from Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English respounden, borrowed from Anglo-Norman respundre, from Old French respondre (“to respond, correspond”), and directly from Latin respondeō (“to answer, promise in…

It is inherited from Middle English respounse, later respons, borrowed from Old French respons (modern French réponse) and directly borrowed from Latin respōnsum (“an answer”), the noun use of the…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman resurrecciun and resurrection, and also directly borrowed from Late Latin resurrēctiō (“a rising again from the dead”). The Latin noun is formed on resurrēctus, the…

It is inherited from Middle English retret, borrowed from Old French retret, retrait, a noun use of the past participle of retrere, retraire, to draw back, from Latin retrahere (“to draw back”) (see…

It is inherited from Middle English reverence, borrowed from Anglo-Norman reverence, also reverance, and partly borrowed from Latin reverentia (“awe, respect”), from reverēns (“revering”), the…

It is inherited from Middle English rewarden, borrowed from Anglo-Norman rewarder (“to regard, reward”), Old Northern French rewarder, a variant of Old French reguarder, regarder “to take notice of…

It is inherited from Middle English rincen, also rinsen, borrowed from Old French rincier, a variant of raincier and reincier, now rincer. The Anglo-Norman forms, ryncer and rincer, are recorded…

It is formed from English rock + -er, from Middle English rokker, rokkere (“one who rocks a cradle”), from rokken (“to rock”) and -ere (“-er”). The rock-music senses are from rock in its musical…

It is inherited from Middle English romaunce, borrowed from Old French romanz (“verse narrative; the vernacular language”) (modern French roman), originally an adverb “in the vernacular”, from…

It is inherited from Middle English round, borrowed from Anglo-Norman rounde and roont, earlier reont, from Vulgar Latin *retundus, a dissimilated form of Latin rotundus (“wheel-shaped, round”)…

It is formed from English round + about: the noun and the adjective are conversions of the adverb round about. Etymonline records the Middle English adverb roundeaboute from the mid-14th century.

It is inherited from Middle English rinner, renner, runner, from rinnen, rennen, to run, and -er.

It is inherited from Middle English sacrilege, sacrylage, borrowed from Old French sacrilege, from Latin sacrilegium (“temple robbery, theft of sacred things”), from sacrilegus (“temple robber”)…

It is inherited from Middle English sauvete, also saufte and safte, borrowed from Old French sauvete (“safety, safeguard; salvation; security”) (earlier salvetet), or Anglo-Norman salveté, saufté…

It is inherited from Middle English saumple, borrowed from Anglo-Norman saumple, a shortening of Old French essample, from Latin exemplum (“a sample, example”), and partly a shortening of Middle…

1. The needlework sampler is inherited from Middle English saumpler, also samplere, an aphetic form borrowed from Old French essamplaire, a variant of essemplaire, now exemplaire; the Old French…

It is inherited from Middle English sauns, also saun and saunz, borrowed from Old French sans, earlier sen and senz, meaning without, except, apart from. Some of the French forms carry an adverbial…

It is inherited from Middle English satisfaccioun, borrowed from Old French satisfaction and directly borrowed from Latin satisfactio (“a satisfying of a creditor; reparation, amends”), from…

It is formed from English save + -ing in Middle English: the noun is the verbal noun of the verb save, and the preposition is from its present participle, perhaps modelled on touching.

1. It is inherited from Middle English scale, borrowed from Old French escale (“cup, shell, pod, husk”), from *skala or another Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *skæla, “to split, divide”, the…

It is inherited from Middle English scalp, a northern Middle English word, probably borrowed from a Scandinavian language, although the English senses are not found in any Scandinavian or other…

It is inherited from Middle English serchen, cerchen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman sercher, Old French cerchier “to search” (modern French chercher), from Late Latin circō (“to go about, wander…