вънити

Forms

вънити (vŭniti) pf^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъniti (“to enter”), which Wiktionary relates to Proto-Slavic *jьti (“to go”); within OCS it is вън- and ити (“to go”).^[1][2] The same word is Old East Slavic вънити (vŭniti), Polish wnijść, Kashubian weńc and Polabian vånaidĕt.^[1]

That verb goes back to Proto-Balto-Slavic *ei- and Proto-Indo-European *h₁ei-, the source of Lithuanian eiti (“to go”), Latvian iet, Ancient Greek εἶμι (eîmi) and Latin eō.^[3][2] Its present stem with -d- comes, according to Derksen, from a reanalysis of the imperative, while Sadnik and Aitzetmüller compare the same formant in the verb to ride.^[3][2]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Gospels it renders Ancient Greek εἰσέρχεσθαι (eisérkhesthai, “to go in”), as in въниди въ клѣть твоѭ “go into your room” (Mt 6:6, in the Codex Zographensis, the Codex Marianus, the Codex Assemanianus and the Savvina kniga).^[4][5]

Semantic evolution

With more than 500 uses in the oldest manuscripts it is the usual verb for entering, chiefly for Ancient Greek εἰσέρχεσθαι (eisérkhesthai), but also for ἔρχεσθαι (érkhesthai), πορεύεσθαι (poreúesthai) and ἀναβαίνειν (anabaínein);^[4][5] вънити съ renders the Greek compounds with συν-.^[4][5] For ἀναβαίνειν the Assemanianus and the Ostromir Gospel have it where other manuscripts have възити (J 2:13).^[5] It is also used figuratively, as in вьниди въ радость г‹оспод›и своего “enter into the joy of your lord” (Mt 25:21) and молите сѧ • да не вьнидете въ напасть “pray that you may not enter into temptation” (Mc 14:38).^[5][4]

Timeline

• End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – the Euchologium Sinaiticum uses вънити for εἰσέρχεσθαι and ἔρχεσθαι.^[6]
• Until the beginning of the 15th century – a Serbian translation from the Rila Monastery uses it for εἰσέρχομαι and ἐμβαίνω.^[6]

Meanings

Verb

1. To enter, go in; for εἰσέρχεσθαι, εἰσπορεύεσθαι.^[5][4][1]
2. To go, come, go up; for ἔρχεσθαι, πορεύεσθαι, ἀναβαίνειν.^[5][4]
3. (figurative) To enter into a state, to fall into (temptation, joy).^[5][4]

Word family

• вънитиѥ

Related words

• ити
• изити
• възити
• приити

Usage notes

It is perfective; its past stem is въшьд-, as in въшьдъ вънѫтрь сѣдѣше съ слоугами “having gone in, he sat with the servants” (Mt 26:58).^[7][4]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 247
3. ^ a b Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 216
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
5. ^ a b c d e f g h Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
6. ^ a b SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de
7. ^ Swan, Oscar E. (2008), Old Church Slavic Glossary, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh; digital ed. with N. H. Reimer, Old Church Slavonic Dictionary