въстати

Forms

въстати (vŭstati) pf^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Old Church Slavonic въ (vŭ) + стати (stati, “to stand”).^[1] The verb стати is Proto-Slavic *stati (“to stand, to become”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stā́ˀtei and Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.^[1][2] It is related to Lithuanian stoti (“to stand”), Latvian stāt, Old Prussian postāt (“to become”), Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to place”) and Latin stō (“to stand”).^[2][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Gospels it renders Ancient Greek ἐγείρομαι (egeíromai, “to rise”) and ἀνίσταμαι (anístamai), as in тебѣ гл‹агол›ѭ въстани “I say to you, rise” (L 5:24, in the Codex Zographensis, the Codex Marianus, the Codex Assemanianus and the Savvina kniga) and въставъ ходи “rise and walk” (Mt 9:5, Zographensis and Marianus).^[4][5]

Semantic evolution

The SJS and the SNSP distinguish rising or getting up, for Ancient Greek ἀνίστασθαι (anístasthai), ἐγείρεσθαι (egeíresthai) and ἐξανίστασθαι (exanístasthai), with the special sense of rising from the dead, as in въста отъ мрътвъꙇхъ “he has risen from the dead” (Mt 27:64), and rising against someone, as in въстанетъ бо ѩз‹ꙑ›къ на ѩз‹ꙑ›къ “for nation will rise against nation” (Mt 24:7).^[4][5] In Mc 10:50 it renders Ancient Greek ἀναπηδᾶν (anapēdân, “to leap up”).^[4] A storm that arises and seeds that sprout are also said to rise in later texts, and Sadnik and Aitzetmüller give the sense of breaking out.^[4][6][7]

Timeline

• End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – the Euchologium Sinaiticum uses въстати for ἐξανίστασθαι and ἐπανίστασθαι.^[8]
• 14th century – the Athonite Serbian translation of Gregory of Nyssa uses it for ἐγείρομαι.^[8]
• Until the beginning of the 15th century – a Serbian translation from the Rila Monastery uses it for ἀνίστημι and ἐξυπνίζω.^[8]

Meanings

Verb

1. To rise, stand up, get up; for ἀνίστασθαι, ἐγείρεσθαι, ἐξανίστασθαι.^[4][5][1]
2. To rise from the dead, be resurrected; for ἐγείρεσθαι, ἀνίστασθαι.^[4][5]
3. To rise up against, rebel; for ἐπανίστασθαι, ἐπεγείρεσθαι.^[4][5]
4. Of a storm or war, to break out, arise.^[4][6][7]
5. Of seeds, to sprout.^[4]

Word family

• въстаꙗти
• въстаниѥ

Related words

• стати
• оустати
• въскрьснѫти

Usage notes

It is perfective, with the present въстанѫ, въстанеши; the SNSP compares въскрьснѫти for the sense of rising from the dead.^[5][9]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 465
3. ^ Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 308
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
5. ^ a b c d e f Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
6. ^ a b Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton
7. ^ a b Slocum, Jonathan; Krause, Todd B., Old Church Slavonic Online, Base Form Dictionary, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
8. ^ a b c SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de
9. ^ Swan, Oscar E. (2008), Old Church Slavic Glossary, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh; digital ed. with N. H. Reimer, Old Church Slavonic Dictionary