traginar

Forms

traginar (first-person singular present tragino, first-person singular preterite traginí, past participle traginat)^[1] Valencian pronounces the verb with an affricate, [tɾaʤináɾ] or [tɾaʧináɾ].^[2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old Catalan traginar, which is inherited from Vulgar Latin *traginō (“to drag along”), formed from a variant *tragō of trahō (“to pull, drag”).^{[3][4][1][2][5]}

The same Vulgar Latin verb gave Old Occitan traginar, French traîner and the dialectal Italian ⟨trainare⟩, which was reshaped as Italian trascinare under the influence of ⟨trascina⟩.^[3][5] The modern Occitan form is treginar “to transport”.^[6] The Spanish word trajinar is borrowed from Catalan and recorded from 1607.^[3]

The origin of the Latin verb is unclear; a link with *draganą (“to drag, draw”) is debated because Latin /t/ and Germanic /d/ do not normally correspond.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Llull uses the verb in the Llibre de contemplació: the ox is made for ploughing and the ass for carrying loads (traginar).^[7]

Semantic evolution

Coromines stresses how old the nouns tragí and tragina are, inseparable from the verb: tragina appears from 922 in Latin documents of the Albera for a channel down which logs were dragged, and later, from 1242, for a carrying service owed with a donkey;^[3] tragins are labour services in an Urgell document of 1131.^[3]

Faraudo's quotations from the 15th century concern carrying goods from one place to another, as the Moors who may go trading (traginant) to Aragon, Catalonia or Castile in the Furs de València.^[8] Coromines notes that the verb puts the weight of a load in the foreground.^[3] The DCVB and the DIEC2 extend it to carrying anything with oneself, and figuratively to having a feeling, as hunger or anger.^[2][9][4]

Timeline

• 922 – tragina in a Latin document of the Albera.^[3]
• 1131 – tragins among the services owed in an Urgell document.^[3]
• c. 1271 – Llull's Llibre de contemplació.^[7]
• 1306 – traginatz in a Roussillon document.^[3]
• 1442 – carting for building works in the Barcelona Novells ardits.^[8]
• 1488 – the Furs de València on Moorish carriers.^[8]
• 1607 – Spanish trajinar, borrowed from Catalan.^[3]
• 1932 – Fabra: to cart goods from one place to another.^[10]

Meanings

Verb

1. (transitive) To carry, transport goods or things from one place to another, especially by hand, on one's back or with a pack animal: Vam traginar les caixes fins al pis de dalt.^{[9][4][11][1]}
2. (figurative) To have, to carry about with oneself (a feeling or state): Quina son que tragines avui!^[9][4][2]

Word family

• traginer
• tragí
• tragina

Related words

• treure
• Latin trahō
• French traîner
• Spanish trajinar

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Alcover, Antoni M.; Moll, Francesc de B. (1930–1962), Diccionari català-valencià-balear, 10 vols., Palma de Mallorca: Moll, p. s.v. traginar
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Coromines, Joan (1980–2001), Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana, 10 vols., Barcelona: Curial / La Caixa (online ed., Institut d'Estudis Catalans 2024), p. 8, 797
4. ^ a b c d Enciclopèdia Catalana, Gran diccionari de la llengua catalana (GDLC), Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana; online edition, https://www.diccionari.cat, p. s.v. traginar
5. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 8837
6. ^ Alibert, Louis (1966), Dictionnaire occitan-français selon les parlers languedociens, Toulouse: Institut d'Études Occitanes, p. s.v. treginar
7. ^ a b Nou glossari general lul·lià (NGGL), Centre de Documentació Ramon Llull, Universitat de Barcelona, https://nggl.ub.edu, p. s.v. traginar
8. ^ a b c Faraudo de Saint-Germain, Lluís, Vocabulari de la llengua catalana medieval, online edition, Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, p. s.v. traginar
9. ^ a b c Institut d'Estudis Catalans (2007), Diccionari de la llengua catalana, 2nd ed. (DIEC2), Barcelona: Edicions 62; online edition with later updates, https://dlc.iec.cat, p. s.v. traginar
10. ^ Fabra, Pompeu (1932), Diccionari general de la llengua catalana, Barcelona: Llibreria Catalònia, p. s.v. traginar
11. ^ Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Diccionari essencial de la llengua catalana (DEIEC), online, https://deiec.iec.cat, p. s.v. traginar