Catalan words first recorded in the 13th century

1. The word for a bastard is inherited from Vulgar Latin burdus (“mule; hybrid of a horse and a she-ass”), a word already used in antiquity but kept out of the correct language. Its origin is…

It is inherited from Latin quattuor (“four”). The same Latin word is Old Occitan quatre, French quatre, Spanish cuatro, Italian quattro and Romanian patru. The Latin word goes back to *kʷettwōr…

It is inherited from Old Catalan penedir, which is inherited from Late Latin (sē) paenitīre, the Late Latin reflexive verb made from paeniteō (“to cause regret; to regret”) by a change to the fourth…

1. The verb for denying is inherited from Old Catalan negar, which is inherited from Latin negō (“to say no, deny; to refuse”). It is common to all the western Romance languages: Spanish negar…

It is inherited from Latin cantō (“to sing”), the frequentative of canō (“to sing”). In classical Latin the frequentative meant "to sing often, habitually", and sometimes was already close to the…

1. The word for the neck is inherited from Latin collum (“neck”). The same Latin word is Italian collo, French cou, Occitan còl, Spanish cuello and Portuguese colo. The origin of the Latin word is…

It is inherited from Latin fūmō (“to emit smoke, to smoke”). Bruguera lists it among the derivatives of fum “smoke”. The Latin verb was made from fūmus (“smoke”), which de Vaan traces to…

It is inherited from Old Catalan luna, which is inherited from Latin lūna (“moon”). The same Latin word is Spanish luna, Portuguese lua, Italian luna, French lune and Romanian lună. The Latin word…

It is inherited from Old Catalan obertura, which is inherited from Vulgar Latin *opertūra, an alteration of apertūra (“opening”). The DCVB and the GDLC give the Latin word as its source, while…

It is inherited from Old Catalan pesar, which is inherited from Latin pēnsō (“to weigh carefully”), the frequentative or intensive of pendō (“to weigh”). The noun meaning “sorrow” is the infinitive…

It is inherited from Old Catalan raïm, spelt ⟨raym⟩ and ⟨rahim⟩ in the medieval texts, which is inherited from Vulgar Latin racīmus (“bunch of grapes”), a variant of racēmus (“bunch, cluster”). The…

It is inherited from Old Catalan salsa, which is inherited from Vulgar Latin *salsa, a noun made from the feminine of salsus (“salted”). The Latin adjective is the past participle of sallō (“to…

It is inherited from Old Catalan salt, which is inherited from Latin saltus (“a leap, a jump”). The Latin noun is derived from saliō (“to jump”). The verb saltar continues the Latin frequentative…

It is inherited from Old Catalan saltar, which is inherited from Latin saltō (“to dance”), the frequentative of saliō (“to jump”). In Latin the verb meant "to dance", and sometimes "to hop, frisk"…

The adverb is inherited from Old Catalan tart, inherited from Latin tardē (“slowly; late”), the adverb of tardus (“slow”). The DCVB derives the old adjective ⟨tard⟩ “slow” from the Latin adjective…

It is inherited from Old Catalan valent, which is inherited from Latin valēns (“strong, powerful”), the present participle of valeō (“to be strong, be worth”). The same Latin word is Occitan valent…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ūsō (“to use”), also recorded in Medieval Latin, a verb based on Latin ūsus (“use”) and in the end on ūtor (“to use”). The sources describe the formation…

It is inherited from Old Catalan legum, the medieval spelling, which is inherited from Latin legūmen (“pulse, leguminous plant”). The same Latin word is Occitan legum, Old French legun, Italian…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin muscatus (“smelling of musk”), from Late Latin muscus (“musk”). Wiktionary calls it inherited from the Late Latin word. The GDLC and Bruguera say that the Latin…

It is inherited from Old Catalan nau, which is inherited from Latin nāvis (“ship”). The same Latin word is Occitan nau, Old French nef, Italian nave, Spanish nave and Romanian naie. Spanish and…

It is inherited from Old Catalan peyl, which is inherited from Latin pellis (“skin, hide”). The same Latin word is Occitan pèl, French peau, Italian pelle, Spanish piel, Portuguese pele and Romanian…

It is inherited from Latin sāl (“salt”). The same Latin word is Spanish sal, Portuguese sal, Occitan sal, French sel, Italian sale and Romanian sare. The Latin noun was usually masculine in…

It is inherited from Old Catalan tela, which is inherited from Latin tēla (“cloth, web”). The Latin noun is an old derivative of texō (“to weave”), through a form ⟨texla⟩. Wiktionary gives the…

It is inherited from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”). The same Latin word is Spanish vivo, Portuguese vivo, Occitan viu, French vif, Italian vivo and Romanian viu. The Latin adjective belongs with…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin īnsignō (“to mark, designate”), from Latin in- and signō (“to mark”), from signum (“sign, mark”). Coromines finds the Latin verb in the old glossaries with the…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ascultō (“to listen”), a Vulgar Latin form of Latin auscultō (“to listen, listen to”) with the diphthong /au/ reduced to /a/. Medieval Latin texts record the…

It is inherited from Old Catalan mut, which is inherited from Latin mūtus (“dumb, inarticulate”). The same Latin word is Occitan mut, Spanish mudo, Portuguese mudo, Italian muto and Romanian mut…

1. The word for clean is inherited from Vulgar Latin *nittus, the form of Latin nitidus (“shining, bright; neat, clean”) with an early loss of the unstressed /i/ between the two dentals. The…

It is inherited from Old Catalan sentir, which is inherited from Latin sentiō (“to perceive by the senses; to realise; to think”). The same Latin word is Spanish sentir, Portuguese sentir, Occitan…

It is inherited from Old Catalan serp, which is inherited from Vulgar Latin *serpes (“snake”), a popular form of classical serpēns (“snake, serpent”). The GDLC and the REW note that a nominative…

It is inherited from Old Catalan trist, which is inherited from Vulgar Latin trīstus, a variant of Latin trīstis (“sad, gloomy; stern”). The DCVB derives it directly from the classical form. The…

It is inherited from Old Catalan vetlar, which is inherited from Latin vigilō (“to stay awake, keep watch”). The learned doublet vigilar was borrowed from the same Latin verb and is recorded from…

It is inherited from Old Catalan volar, inherited from Latin volō (“to fly”). Coromines notes that the word has kept its shape almost unchanged. The same Latin verb is Occitan volar, Spanish volar…

1. The word for carrying is inherited from Latin dūcō (“to lead, conduct”), which the Catalan dictionaries cite by its infinitive. Coromines notes that the Latin verb died out without popular…

It is inherited from Latin frēnum (“bridle, bit”). The oldest record keeps the final /n/ in the spelling ⟨fren⟩. The same Latin word is Occitan fren, French frein, Spanish freno, Italian freno…

It is inherited from Late Latin virdis, the syncopated form of Latin viridis (“green”). Corominas holds that all the Romance forms come from the syncopated form, which must already have been Vulgar…

It is inherited from Late Latin bassus (“short, stout; low”). The Latin word first gave Old Catalan bas, as in Italian basso, French bas and Occitan bas; Coromines, Bruguera and the GDLC hold that…

It is inherited from Late Latin carricō (“to load a cart”), formed on Latin carrus (“wagon”). The Late Latin verb is first attested in the Lex Salica; Corominas finds it in the Visigothic laws and…

It is inherited from Latin colligō (“to gather together, collect”), infinitive ⟨colligere⟩. The Latin verb is formed with con- and legō (“to gather, pick; to read”). The same Latin verb is Occitan…

It is inherited from Latin frōns (“forehead, brow; front”). The same Latin word is Occitan front, French front, Spanish frente, Italian fronte, Portuguese fronte and Romanian frunte. The troubadours…

It is inherited from Latin piscis (“fish”). The same Latin word is Occitan peis, Spanish pez, Portuguese peixe, Italian pesce and Romanian pește; French replaced it with the diminutive French…

It is inherited from Old Catalan perill, which is inherited from Latin perīculum (“trial, test; danger”), through the syncopated form periclum. The short form is regular in the comic poets and…

It is inherited from Old Catalan venjar, which is inherited from Latin vindicō (“to claim; to set free; to avenge”). The learned doublet vindicar was borrowed from the same Latin verb and is…

It is inherited from Old Catalan vinya, which is inherited from Latin vīnea (“vines in a vineyard”). Coromines notes that the word was in general use in every period and is common to all the Romance…

It is inherited from Latin muttum (“a mutter, a grunt”), a word of the spoken language used in phrases such as ⟨non muttum facere⟩, “not to open one's mouth, not to say a word”. The DCVB notes that…

It is inherited from Late Latin febrārius, the form without /u/ that Latin inscriptions already show, of februārius (“of February”). Coromines, Bruguera and the GDLC give the classical form as the…

It is inherited from Old Catalan tendre, earlier tenre, which is inherited from Latin tener (“soft, tender, delicate”). The /d/ between /n/ and /r/ is a later insertion: the older form ⟨tenre⟩ lacks…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin cinque (“five”), the Vulgar Latin form of classical quīnque. The first /kʷ/ became /k/ by dissimilation from the second, and ⟨cinque⟩ is already frequent in…

1. The word for the pulse is inherited from Latin pulsus (“a push, blow”), the action noun of pellō (“to push, drive”). The Latin noun came to mean the beat of the arteries, and the Catalan word…

It is inherited from Old Catalan gola, which is inherited from Latin gula (“throat, gullet”). The same Latin word is Italian gola, French gueule, Romanian gură (“mouth”) and Portuguese gola. In…

It is inherited from Latin grānārium (“granary”). The Latin word is formed from grānum (“grain”) and the suffix -ārium, and was used mostly in the plural. The GDLC instead treats the Catalan word as…

It is inherited from Old Catalan oste, which is inherited from Latin hospes (“host; guest”). The same Latin word is Occitan òste, French hôte, Spanish huésped, Italian ospite and Romanian oaspete…

1. The word for “to plant” is inherited from Old Catalan plantar, which is inherited from Latin plantō (“to plant”). Wiktionary derives the Latin verb from planta with the verb suffix -ō. Coromines…

It is inherited from Old Catalan pudir, which is inherited from Vulgar Latin *pūtiō, a form of pūteō (“to stink, be rotten”) moved to another conjugation. The DCVB, the GDLC and Coromines derive it…

It is inherited from Latin superō (“to rise above, surpass, overcome”). The Latin verb is formed from super (“above”). The learned superar is a doublet of it. The same Latin verb is Romanian supăra…

It is inherited from Old Catalan traginar, which is inherited from Vulgar Latin *traginō (“to drag along”), formed from a variant *tragō of trahō (“to pull, drag”). The same Vulgar Latin verb gave…

It is inherited from Old Catalan cercle, which is inherited from Latin circulus (“circle; hoop”). The Latin word is a diminutive of circus (“circle”), formed with the suffix -ulus. The same Latin…

1. The word for the key is inherited from Latin clāvis (“key, bar, bolt”). The same Latin word is Occitan clau, Spanish llave, Portuguese chave, French clef, Italian chiave and Romanian cheie. The…

It is inherited from Latin macer (“thin, lean”). The same Latin word is Occitan magre, French maigre, Italian magro, Spanish magro, Portuguese magro and Romanian macru. De Vaan traces ⟨macer⟩ to…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *nevem (“snow”), a form with an open /ɛ/ of Latin nix (“snow”), whose accusative was ⟨nivem⟩. The form with the open vowel also underlies Spanish nieve, Portuguese…