urlu

Forms

urlu (third-person singular urlã, participle urlatã)^[1]

• First conjugation: aorist urlai, participle urlatã, infinitive urlare;^[1][2] Mihăileanu prints úrlu, urláĭ, urlátă, urláre.^[1][2]
• Cunia, Papahagi and Pascu head the verb under the form with prothetic a-: aurlu, aorist aurlai, participle aurlatã, infinitive aurlari or aurlare;^[3][4] Wiktionary gives aurlu as an alternative form.^[1]
• Other spellings: ÚRLU and AÚRLU in Papahagi's dictionary;^[5][4] AURLARE (the long infinitive) in Pascu, with urlare and aurare from older dictionaries;^[6] au'rlu in Nikolaidis;^[7] urlu in Weigand's glossary.^[8]
• Regional forms: aúrlu in the dialect of Metsovo^[9] and in the glossary of the Aromanian dialect atlas.^[10]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ūrulō, a dissimilated form of Latin ululō (“to howl”).^[1][4][11] Pascu gives the Latin ululō directly.^[6] De Vaan calls ululō an onomatopoeic verb imitating a u-like sound; its cognates include Ancient Greek ὑλάω (huláō, “to bark”), and a root Proto-Indo-European *ul- or *ulul- is possible but cannot be proven.^[12]

The verb is shared by the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian urla, Megleno-Romanian urlu and Istro-Romanian url.^[11][13][14] Ciorănescu, after REW, assumes the same intermediate form for the western cognates Italian urlare and French hurler.^[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

Weigand's glossary of 1894 glosses urlu as "howl, shout".^[8]

Semantic evolution

From the Latin "howl", Aromanian moved to people shouting: to yell, to call someone loudly, to speak very loudly.^{[4][15][10][1]} Papahagi also records "to chase away", "to thrust (oneself) in" and "to strike";^[4] Cunia has lj-aurlu unã "I give him a slap" and nj-aurlã luchi tu pãnticã "I am very hungry" (literally "wolves howl in my belly").^[3] Swollen rivers and the wind are said to roar with it,^[5][9] and in Metsovo it also means to scold loudly.^[9] Wiktionary adds "to rush".^[1]

Timeline

• 1894 – urlu “howl, shout” in Weigand's glossary.^[8]
• 1901 – úrlu in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[2]
• 1925 – Pascu derives it from Latin ululō.^[6]

Meanings

Verb

1. To howl; to yell, shout.^[8][1][2]
2. To call (someone) loudly.^[4][15]
3. (of rivers, the wind) To roar.^[5][9]
4. To chase away; to thrust in; to strike.^[4]
5. To rush.^[1]

Related words

• Romanian urla
• Megleno-Romanian urlu
• Istro-Romanian url

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 526
3. ^ a b Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 161
4. ^ a b c d e f g Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 241
5. ^ a b c Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 1244
6. ^ a b c Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 47
7. ^ Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 57
8. ^ a b c d Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 336
9. ^ a b c d Δασούλας, Φώτης (2013), Το βλαχικό ιδίωμα του Μετσόβου, 2nd ed.
10. ^ a b Saramandu, Nicolae (2023), Glosar aromân, Fonetică și dialectologie XLII: 103–176, p. 113
11. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
12. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
13. ^ Papahagi, Pericle (1902), Megleno-românii: studiu etnografico-filologic I, București: Academia Română (with a glossary)
14. ^ Byhan, Arthur (1899), Istrorumänisches Glossar, Sechster Jahresbericht des Instituts für rumänische Sprache zu Leipzig: 174–366
15. ^ a b Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net)