lungu

Forms

lungu m (feminine lungã, masculine plural lundzi, feminine plural lundzi/lundze)^[1]

• Feminine lungã, plural lundzi, feminine plural lundzi or lundze.^[2][1]
• Other spellings: LÚNGU in Papahagi's dictionary;^[3] lúngu-ă in Mihăileanu's Romanian-based spelling;^[4] λούνγκου (lúngu) in Nikolaidis;^[5] lungu in Weigand's glossary.^[6] Wiktionary gives lung as an alternative form.^[1]
• Regional forms: Saramandu's glossary of the Aromanian dialect atlas has lungŭ, feminine lúngă, plural lun', and lúngu, plural lún'â.^[7]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin longus (“long”).^[3][8][1] De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *dlongo- and Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰ-o-, and compares Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃 (laggs) and Old High German lang.^[9]

The word is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian lung, Megleno-Romanian lung and Istro-Romanian lung.^[10][11][12] Further west it gave Italian lungo, French long, Spanish luengo and Portuguese longo.^[13][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Weigand's glossary of 1894 records lungu "long".^[6]

Semantic evolution

The Latin sense is kept: it is said of things long in one direction, of a tall person, of a stretch of land, and of a long time.^[2] Pascu glosses it both "long" and "tall".^[8] Papahagi quotes un sómnu lung ("a long sleep") and the simile lúngu ca léfca ("as tall as a poplar").^[3] Pascu records the adverb dealungului ("all along").^[8]

Timeline

• 1894 – lungu “long” in Weigand's glossary.^[6]
• 1901 – lúngu-ă “long” in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[4]
• 1909 – λούνγκου in Nikolaidis's dictionary.^[5]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Long (in space).^[2][3][1]
2. (of a person) Tall.^[2][8][7]
3. (of time) Long, lasting.^[2]

Word family

• lundzime

Related words

• Romanian lung

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 603
3. ^ a b c d Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 754
4. ^ a b Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 270
5. ^ a b Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 269
6. ^ a b c Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 315
7. ^ a b Saramandu, Nicolae (2023), Glosar aromân, Fonetică și dialectologie XLII: 103–176, p. 142
8. ^ a b c d Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 111
9. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
10. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
11. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
12. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 175
13. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter