Etymologically
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adar

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Forms

adar (simple perfect adarã, participle adãratã)[1]

  • First conjugation: aorist adrai or adãrai, imperfect adram or adãram, participle adratã or adãratã, infinitive adrari or adãrari.[2] Katsanis and Dinas give the aorist ad(á)rai and the participle ad(ă)raty.[3]
  • Other spellings: ADÁR (with mi for the reflexive), aorist ad(ă)rái, in Papahagi's dictionary;[4] the infinitive adärare, also adrare in Dalametra, in Pascu, who has the word from Dalametra, P. Papahagi, Mihăileanu, Obedenaru and Boiagi;[5] αντάρου (adáru), aorist αντράϊ, in Nikolaidis;[6] adáru, adăraĭ, adărátă, adăráre in Mihăileanu;[7] adär in Weigand;[8] adaru in DIARO.[9]
  • Regional forms: ad'ar, for "to cook", in the village of Turia;[10] adáru in the dialect of Metsovo.[11] Mihăileanu notes that the Aromanians of Thessaly also use it for "to do".[7]

Etymology

Its origin is uncertain: Papahagi gives none.[4] Pascu, after Pușcariu, takes it as inherited from Latin *adarō (“to plough”), formed with the prefix ad- from arō (“to plough”), and compares the two senses of German bauen (“to build; to till”).[5] Nikolaidis derived it from adparō (“to prepare”), and reports Pușcariu's earlier comparison with dōlō (“to hew”),[6] the source of Romanian dura (“to build”).[12]

De Vaan traces arō to Proto-Italic *araje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-ie/o- (“to plough”).[13]

Semantic evolution

The verb has a wide range: to make or do, to build, to prepare, to arrange or adorn, and as a reflexive to dress up and to get tipsy.[4][5][7] Cunia records tsi-adari? "how are you?" and mi-adrai di yin "I got drunk on wine".[14] In Turia it means to cook,[10] and Wiktionary also gives "to fix, mend".[1]

Timeline

  • 1813 – Boiagi's grammar has the verb and the noun adărămintu “building”, as cited by Pascu.[5]
  • 1894 – adär “to prepare” in Weigand's glossary.[8]
  • 1901 – adáru “to build, prepare, adorn, make” in Mihăileanu's dictionary.[7]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To make, do.[14][4][3][1]
  2. To build, construct.[5][7][1]
  3. To prepare;[5][8][10] (Turia) to cook.[5][8][10]
  4. To arrange, adorn;[4][5][1] (reflexive) to dress up.[4][5][1]
  5. To mend, fix.[1]
  6. (reflexive) To get tipsy, drunk.[4][5][14]
  • adãrare
  • adãrat

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 15
  3. ^ a b Κατσάνης, Νικόλαος; Ντίνας, Κωνσταντίνος (1990), Γραμματική της κοινής κουτσοβλαχικής, Θεσσαλονίκη: Αρχείο Κουτσοβλαχικών Μελετών, p. 135
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 106
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 37
  6. ^ a b Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 51
  7. ^ a b c d e Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 6
  8. ^ a b c d Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 289
  9. ^ Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 288
  10. ^ a b c d Бара, Мариана; Каль, Теде; Соболев, Андрей Н. (2005), Южноарумынский говор села Турия (Малый диалектологический атлас балканских языков, серия монографий 1), p. 410
  11. ^ Δασούλας, Φώτης (2013), Το βλαχικό ιδίωμα του Μετσόβου, 2nd ed.
  12. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
  13. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  14. ^ a b c Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net)