ziar

Forms

ziar n (plural ziare)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian zi (“day”) + -ar, after Italian giornale and French journal, as MDA2 and the DLR explain it.^[2][3][1] DEX and the DLRM name Italian diario as the model, while Tiktin and the CADE see Latin diārium (“daily allowance; diary”) reshaped after zi.^[4][5][6][7] Wiktionary calls it a likely calque of the French word.^[1]

The French word goes back to Late Latin diurnālis (“of the day”).^[8][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is from Șincai, about 1812; Șincai also wrote the Latin-looking form diariu.^[6]

Semantic evolution

The word meant a newspaper from the start, and also a diary, a sense now old or regional: Coșbuc called a book of poems Ziarul unui pierde-vară “The diary of an idler” in 1902.^[2][6][9] By extension it names the editorial staff and offices of a newspaper and the building that houses them.^[2][10]

It shares the field with the older gazetă and jurnal and with the regional and old foaie.^[2][3]

Timeline

• c. 1812 – Șincai, the first record cited by Tiktin, beside diariu.^[6]
• 1862 – in Pontbriant's dictionary.^[3]
• 1889 – ziarele serbești “the Serbian newspapers” in Barițiu, MDA2's first record.^[2][3]
• 1902 – Ziarul unui pierde-vară, Coșbuc's title, in the sense “diary”.^[6]

Meanings

Noun

1. A newspaper: a periodical, usually daily, printing current news on politics, society and culture; gazetă.^[4][2][1]
2. The editorial staff and offices of a newspaper.^[2][10]
3. (by extension) The building where a newspaper has its offices.^[2][10]
4. (dated or regional) A diary, a journal of daily notes.^[2][9][1]

Related words

• zi
• jurnal
• gazetă

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1573
3. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. ziar
4. ^ a b DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1225
5. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 956
6. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ziar
7. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. ziar
8. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
9. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 752
10. ^ a b c Dima, Eugenia (coord.) (2007), Dicționar explicativ ilustrat al limbii române, Chișinău: Arc / Gunivas, p. s.v. ziar