Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word vacanță

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1784 More words from the 18th century
Borrowed from
French vacance
Ultimate origin
Latin vacō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
French vacance
Romanian vacanță

Forms

vacanță f (plural vacanțe)[1] The old variant vacanție was still used in the 19th century, as in Kogălniceanu: „Noi mai avem încă optsprezăce zile de vacanție spre a întra în coleghium” “We still have eighteen days of holiday before we go back to college”.[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French vacance and Italian vacanza, as DEX and the neologism dictionaries give it.[4][5][6][1] MDA2 and DLR add Latin vacantia, the source Graur names, and Tiktin gives Italian alone.[7][2][8][9] Scriban relates it to vacant and to the French word, and connects the variant vacanție with Russian.[10]

The French word is formed on vaquer (“to be vacant”) with the suffix -ance.[1] The Italian word (16th century) is a derivative of vacante (“vacant”), from vacare.[11][12] The Latin plural, recorded only in the Middle Ages, comes from vacāns, the present participle of vacō (“to be empty”).[1][8]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is from 1784.[9] In 1792 Eustatievici writes of the school holiday: „Noi pre tine în vremea vacanții cu veselia care să cuvine vom ține” “We shall keep you with due merriment in the time of the holidays”.[2][7]

Semantic evolution

From the school holiday the word passed to the recess of the courts, which the Organic Statutes fix for the judges, and of parliament.[2] Negulici in 1848 already gives both uses: a time when an office stops work, and the pupils' break.[13] The word also names the state of a post without a holder, from the adjective vacant: Galaction writes of the last vacancy of the patriarchal see.[3][7] It is also used for an employee's leave, and physics uses it for a vacancy in a crystal lattice.[4][6] In prison slang it means a term of detention.[14] MDA2 records the colloquial phrase a arăta ca moartea în vacanță “to look like death on holiday”, i.e. to look awful.[7]

Timeline

  • 1784 – the first record.[9]
  • 1792 – în vremea vacanții “in the time of the holidays” in Eustatievici.[2][7]
  • 1833 – cincisprezece zile vacanță “fifteen days of holiday” in a periodical.[2]
  • 1848 – Negulici defines the recess of an office and of the schools.[13]
  • 1886 – Barcianu glosses it as both “vacant post” and “holidays”.[15]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A holiday or vacation given to pupils and students.[4][7][1]
  2. An employee's leave.[4][7]
  3. A recess: a period in which an institution or a representative body suspends its work.[4][7]
  4. A vacancy: the time during which a post or office is unfilled.[4][1]
  5. (physics) A point of a crystal lattice from which an atom, ion or molecule is missing.[6][16]
  6. (prison slang) A term of detention.[14]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. vacanță
  3. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 610
  4. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1180
  5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
  6. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1404
  8. ^ a b Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 106
  9. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. vacanță
  10. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1388
  11. ^ Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli, p. s.v. vacare
  12. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier, p. s.v. vacanza
  13. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. 392
  14. ^ a b Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. vacanță
  15. ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 678
  16. ^ Dima, Eugenia (coord.) (2007), Dicționar explicativ ilustrat al limbii române, Chișinău: Arc / Gunivas, p. s.v. vacanță

Related etymologies

  • cap · also from French
  • dura · also from French
  • pur · also from French
  • pană · also from French
  • pat · also from French
  • masă · also from French
  • lac · also from French
  • primar · also from French
Cite this entry

“Vacanță.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/vacan%C8%9B%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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