ură

Forms

ură f (plural uri)^[1]

Etymology

It is a back-formation from Romanian urî (“to hate”).^{[2][3][4][1][5]} The verb continues Vulgar Latin *horriō, a popular form of horreō (“to bristle, shudder at”) and horrēscō.^[5][6][7][1] Wiktionary compares the same shift of meaning in Albanian urrej (“to hate”).^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1639.^[2] MDA2's first record is the Bucharest Bible of 1688: „Ura rădică price” “hatred stirs up strife”.^[8][2]

Semantic evolution

Besides hatred of people the word means aversion to things and the wish that something should not happen or exist.^[8] Old phrases built on it: a pune în ură “to come to hate”, and a veni în ură “to become hated”;^[8][2] Dosoftei's verse psalter has „făcându-le ură la-mpăratul” “making them hated by the king”.^[8][2] The older synonym was urâciune.^[8][3] The Lexicon de la Buda (1825) glosses it with Latin odium and German Haß.^[9]

Timeline

• 1639 – the first record, according to Tiktin.^[2]
• 1688 – „Ura rădică price” in the Bucharest Bible, MDA2's first record.^[8][2]
• 1825 – glossed “odium” in the Lexicon de la Buda.^[9]

Meanings

Noun

1. hatred, hate: a strong feeling of hostility toward someone or something.^[4][8][1]
2. A deep aversion to something; the wish that it should not happen or exist.^[8]

Related words

• urî
• urâciune
• urât

Usage notes

The plural uri is rare; older writers also have ure.^[4][10] DEX 2009 lists a separate ură² for a fragrant orchid with purple-red flowers (Gymnadenia conopsea), of unknown origin.^[4] The DLR records it mainly from Bukovina, and MDA2's first record is Panțu's plant dictionary of 1929.^[3][8]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ură
3. ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. ură
4. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1174
5. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. urî
6. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1390
7. ^ DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1176
8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1383
9. ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 735
10. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 588