temporar

Forms

temporar m or n (feminine singular temporară, masculine plural temporari, feminine/neuter plural temporare)^[1] The 19th century also wrote temporariu and temporariŭ; older variants were timporar and timpurariu.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French temporaire, together with Latin temporārius, one of the many words that Romanian took from French and Latin together.^[5][6][4][7] Wiktionary names only the French word, and Scriban only the Latin.^[1][8] French borrowed it from Latin in 1562.^[9] The Latin adjective is formed on tempus (“time”) with the suffix -ārius.^[1][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

The DLR's and MDA2's first quotation is from Kogălniceanu, on the “temporary” princes appointed by the Porte, in an edition without a date for the text.^[4][6] Costinescu's dictionary of 1870 has temporariŭ “lasting a short while; momentary”, glossed with French temporaire, and Laurian and Massim's dictionary lists temporariu with the Latin word.^[2][3]

Semantic evolution

The meaning has stayed close to the source words: something that lasts only for a while, and then a person who works for a limited time, as in muncitori temporari “temporary workers”.^[6][4] The adverb use, temporar “for the time being”, is common from the 20th century on.^[4][11]

Timeline

• 1870 – temporariŭ in Costinescu's dictionary.^[2]
• 1871–1876 – temporariu in Laurian and Massim's dictionary.^[3]
• 1939 – Scriban records the adverb: s-a stabilit temporar acolo.^[8]

Meanings

Adjective

1. temporary, short-lived; provisional, passing.^[5][6]
2. Working or holding a post for a limited time only: angajați temporari.^[5][6]

Adverb

1. For a limited time, temporarily: Locuiește temporar la o rudă.^[4][11]

Related words

• timp
• temporal
• Latin tempus

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 606
3. ^ a b c Laurian, A. T.; Massim, I. C. (1871–1876), Dictionariulu limbei romane, 2 vols., Bucuresci: Noua Typographia a Laboratoriloru Romani, p. s.v. temporariu
4. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. temporar
5. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1116
6. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1198
7. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. temporar
8. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1310
9. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. temporaire
10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. temporārius
11. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 411