stomac

Forms

stomac n (plural stomacuri)^[1] The old form stomah is in a text of before 1652: „Visele… vin și de la stomah când prea mănâncă omul mult” “dreams also come from the stomach when a man eats too much”.^[2][3]

Etymology

The sources disagree about the route.^[3][4][5] MDA2 and the DLR name borrowed from Modern Greek στομάκι (stomáki), Latin stomachus and Old Church Slavonic стомахъ (stomahŭ), and compare French estomac;^[3][2] DEX takes it from the Slavonic word alone,^[4] and NODEX gives Greek and Slavonic.^[6] Ciorănescu takes the modern form from French and an older one, of the 18th century, from Modern Greek στομάχι (stomáchi), comparing the Slavonic word after Vasmer.^[5] Wiktionary has it from Latin.^[1] The old form stomah, with /h/, matches the Greek and Slavonic words.^[5][4]

All of them go back to Ancient Greek στόμαχος (stómakhos, “throat, gullet”), formed on στόμα (stóma, “mouth”); the sense “stomach” is Hellenistic, and the Modern Greek word comes from a Hellenistic diminutive.^[7] The Slavonic word is borrowed from Greek,^[8] and the Latin word too.^[1] Compare Aromanian stumahi and Albanian stomak.^[9][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is the New Testament of 1648, in 1 Timothy.^[10] MDA2's first record is a text of before 1652 on dreams that come from an overfull stomach, with the form stomah.^[3][2]

Semantic evolution

The anatomical sense has stayed the same.^[4] The Slavonic–Romanian lexicons of the 1660s use stomah to gloss Slavonic words for the stomach and the rennet bag.^[11] Tiktin quotes the idiom îl am (nu-l am) la stomac “I can't stand him”, and Barcianu gives it in 1886.^[10][12] The DLR lists the folk and regional words that it replaced or stands beside, such as pântece, rânză, foale and pipotă.^[2] Ciorănescu derives stomacal from French.^[5]

Timeline

• 1648 – first record, in the New Testament (1 Timothy).^[10]
• before 1652 – stomah in a text on dreams.^[3][2]
• 1660 – stomah in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.^[11]
• 18th century – the Greek form, according to Ciorănescu.^[5]
• 1886 – a avea pe cineva la stomac in Barcianu.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. The stomach: the pouch-shaped part of the digestive tract of humans and higher animals, between the oesophagus and the duodenum, where food is digested.^[4][1]
2. (popular, by extension) The belly.^[2]

Word family

• stomacal

Related words

• Ancient Greek στόμαχος (stómakhos)
• Aromanian stumahi

Usage notes

The plural is stomacuri, in popular speech stomace.^[3] Colloquial phrases: a nu avea pe cineva la stomac “not to be able to stand someone” and a-și pune stomacul la cale “to have a good meal”.^[4] MDA2 records regional forms such as stumah, stomag and tomag.^[3]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. stomac
3. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 995
4. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1054
5. ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. stomac
6. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. stomac
7. ^ Babiniotis, Georgios (2010), Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek], Athens: Κέντρο Λεξικολογίας, p. 1395
8. ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress
9. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 980
10. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. stomac
11. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. stomah
12. ^ a b Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 610