soare

Forms

soare m (plural sori)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin sōl (“sun”).^{[2][3][4][5][1]} The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”).^[1]

The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian soare, Megleno-Romanian soari and Istro-Romanian sǫre.^[2][6][7][8] Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian saul, Italian sole, Catalan sol, Spanish sol and Portuguese sol.^[2][9] French soleil comes instead from a diminutive Vulgar Latin *sōliculus.^[10][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is of 1535, in a charter collection.^[11] In Romanian texts the articled form soarele and the bare soare appear in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century.^[12] A Gospel text of 1551–1553 has „Derepții vor luci ca soarele” “the righteous shall shine like the sun”.^[11] MDA2's first record is the Codicele Voronețean.^[4]

Semantic evolution

Besides the star itself, the word has long meant its light and warmth: e soare "the sun is shining", a sta la soare "to sit in the sun".^[11][10] The rising and setting sun named the points of the compass: soare-răsare "east" and soare-apune or soare-scapătă "west".^[2][11] In Muntenia soare can also mean the south.^[13] Modern Greek took over soare-apune as Modern Greek σουρουπώνει (souroupónei, “dusk falls”), with the noun σούρουπο "dusk".^[2][14]

The sun is the measure of beauty in folk tales: a girl rupt din soare "torn from the sun" is radiantly beautiful, and la soare te puteai uita, iar la dânsa ba "you could look at the sun, but not at her".^[11][3] A se uita la cineva ca la soare is to look at someone with great love.^[3][4] Plant names include floarea-soarelui "sunflower".^[11][2] The plural sori is used of other stars that have their own light.^[3] Soare is also a frequent personal name, with derivatives such as Sorin.^[15]

Timeline

• 1535 – the first record, in a charter collection.^[11]
• early 16th century – soare in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.^[12]
• 1551–1553 – ca soarele “like the sun” in a Gospel text (Matthew 13:43).^[11]
• c. 1563–1583 – in the Codicele Voronețean.^[4]
• 1649 – Mardarie's lexicon uses soarele to translate a Slavonic phrase with слнце “sun”.^[16]
• 1679 – the plural sori in a book of church services, of the Trinity as “three suns”.^[11]
• 1801 – soare glossed with Latin sol in Klein's dictionary.^[17]

Meanings

Noun

1. The sun: the central, glowing star of our planetary system, round which the Earth and the other planets turn.^[3][4][1]
2. Sunlight and the warmth of the sun: Pisica doarme la soare.^[3][10]
3. Any star that has its own light.^[3]
4. (figurative) Happiness, joy, well-being.^[3]

Word family

• însorit
• sori
• sorin
• floarea-soarelui

Related words

• solar
• Aromanian soare
• Latin sōl

Usage notes

Sub soare means “on earth, in the world”, cu soare “while it is still light”, and soare cu dinți is cold, clear weather.^[3] A i se pune soarele drept inimă means “to get hungry”.^[3]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. soare
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1029
4. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 921
5. ^ a b Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 145
6. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 157
7. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 269
8. ^ Popovici, Iosif (1909), Dialectele romîne din Istria II: texte și glosar, Halle a. S., p. 150
9. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 8059
10. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1216
11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. soáre
12. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 18:5
13. ^ Marin, Maria; Mărgărit, Iulia, Glosar dialectal. Muntenia, București: Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti”, p. 389
14. ^ Ινστιτούτο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών (Ίδρυμα Μανόλη Τριανταφυλλίδη) (1998), Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής, Thessaloniki: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, p. s.v. σουρουπώνει
15. ^ Constantinescu, N. A. (1963), Dicționar onomastic romînesc, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. soare
16. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. soarele
17. ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 446