rutină

Forms

rutină f (uncountable)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French routine.^{[2][3][4][5][1]} For the computing sense, Marcu also names English routine.^[6] The French word is formed on route (“road”) with a diminutive suffix;^[1][5][7] Graur notes that it first meant “a beaten track” and then “routine”.^[1][5][7] It is thus related to rută.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2's first record is Ion Ionescu de la Brad's translation Vitele albe din Englitera (Iași, 1842), in the sense of skill gained from long practice.^[2]

Semantic evolution

The first sense, skill acquired through long practice rather than study, is the one Costinescu gave in 1870.^[8][2] A pejorative sense grew beside it: the habit of always acting or thinking in the same way, a slavish keeping to old rules.^[3][9] Scriban illustrated it with the remark that routine harms progress.^[5] DEX adds the sense of the habits and prejudices that stand in the way of the new.^[3] In the 20th century the word also came to mean a regular daily procedure and, in computing, a set of instructions that performs a recurring task.^[4][6] Romanian formed rutinar and rutinat from it.^[3]

Timeline

• 1842 – Ion Ionescu de la Brad's translation, the first record.^[2]
• 1870 – defined in Costinescu's dictionary.^[8]
• 1871 – the verb rutina “to learn by practice” in Laurian and Massim.^[2]
• 1889 – rutinat “experienced” in Barițiu.^[2]
• 1900 – rutinar in Barcianu's dictionary.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. Skill or ability gained through long practice.^[3][2]
2. (pejorative) The habit of always acting or thinking in the same way; slavish keeping to old rules; manierism.^[3][4]
3. The set of habits or prejudices seen as an obstacle to the new, to creation or to progress.^[3]
4. A habit or operation repeated daily or at regular intervals.^[4]
5. (computing) A set of instructions within a program that performs a recurring function; a routine.^[6]

Word family

• rutinar
• rutinat

Related words

• rutinier
• rutina
• rută
• French routine

Usage notes

DEX has a second rutină, the chemistry term for rutin, a natural flavonoid found in the flowers, leaves and stems of many plants and used in medicine; it is from French rutine.^[3][10]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 740
3. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 969
4. ^ a b c d Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. rutină
5. ^ a b c d Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1144
6. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. rutină
7. ^ a b c Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică
8. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 455
9. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 557
10. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. rutină