ruginos

Forms

ruginos m (feminine singular ruginoasă, masculine plural ruginoși, feminine and neuter plural ruginoase)^[1][2] The Codicele Voronețean writes it with r: „Nu cu rugirosul argintu sau auru izbăvitu-vă” “you were not redeemed with rusty silver or gold” (1 Peter 1:18).^[3][1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian rugină + -os, from the noun for rust.^{[4][1][3][2][5]} Wiktionary notes that it corresponds to Latin aerūginōsus (“covered with verdigris, rusty”) or to rūbīginōsus, but takes it as a Romanian derivative.^[6] The Latin adjective is formed on aerūgō (“rust of copper, verdigris”).^[7] DER derives the noun rugină from rūbīgō or from the Latin word for verdigris.^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583), in the passage of 1 Peter on redemption not by rusty silver or gold.^[4][3][1]

Semantic evolution

The first sense is “rusty”, of iron and other metal: a Coresi print says that an iron tool kept hidden and unused grows rustier, and Budai-Deleanu's Țiganiada has „sabia cea ruginoasă” “the rusty sword”.^[1] From this came the sense “old, worn out” in Pann, and in 1828 a figurative use for “outdated”, of prejudices.^[1][4] Regionally it is said of wheat struck by rust.^[1][4] As a noun, ruginoasă names the caracudă, short for caracudă ruginoasă, and in Muntenia a grape variety.^[1][4] Scriban and the DLR label the word old and now rare.^[8][1]

Timeline

• c. 1563–1583 – rugirosul “rusty” in the Codicele Voronețean.^[4][3][1]
• 1596 – Ruginos, a village in Banat, in a Hungarian record.^[9]
• 1825 – ruginosu in the Lexicon de la Buda, glossed with Latin rubiginosus.^[10]
• 1828 – ruginoasele ... prejudecăți “the rusty prejudices”, a figurative use.^[1]

Meanings

Adjective

1. (archaic and popular; of metal objects) Rusty, oxidized.^[1][4][3][6]
2. (archaic) Old, worn out.^[1][4][6]
3. (archaic, figurative) Outdated, antiquated.^[1][4][6]
4. (regional; of wheat) Attacked by rust.^[1][4]

Noun

1. (ichthyology) The crucian carp (Carassius carassius), also called caracudă ruginoasă.^[1][4]
2. (Muntenia) A variety of grape.^[1][4]

Related words

• rugină
• rugini
• ruginiu

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. ruginos
2. ^ a b Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 728
3. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ruginos
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 734
5. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. rugină
6. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
8. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1141
9. ^ Suciu, Coriolan (1966–1968), Dicționar istoric al localităților din Transilvania, I–II, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 2, 399
10. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 597