Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word rocă

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1862 the journal Isis More words from the 19th century
Borrowed from
Italian rocca
Ultimate origin
Medieval Latin rocca

Forms

rocă f (plural roci)[1] Besides roci the plural roce is used, as in Sadoveanu's un simplu adunător de roce “a mere collector of rocks”.[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Italian rocca, and the dictionaries also name French roc or roche as sources.[4][3][2][5][1] DEX gives Italian and compares French;[6][7] MDN gives both;[6][7] DN adds Latin.[6][7] The Italian word goes back to Medieval Latin rocca, of uncertain origin;[1] Nocentini considers it a pre-Latin substrate word, recorded in Latin glosses and documents from the 8th century, with its centre in Gallo-Romance.[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the journal Isis of 1862, in the geological sense.[3][2]

Semantic evolution

The word is a term of geology for the mineral aggregates that make up the Earth's crust, and the technical vocabulary distinguishes rocă metamorfică, rocă sedimentară and rocă eruptivă.[2] By extension it also means a boulder or crag;[3][9][10] Scriban and Șăineanu define it only as “cliff, rock”.[3][9][10] Topîrceanu used it figuratively for the “rock” of a heavy verse.[2]

Timeline

  • 1862 – the plural in the journal Isis, the first record.[2][3]
  • 1886 – in Barcianu's dictionary.[2]

Meanings

Noun

  1. (geology) A rock: a natural aggregate of one or more minerals, of nearly uniform composition, that makes up the Earth's crust: rocă sedimentară “sedimentary rock”.[4][3][1]
  2. By extension, a boulder or crag; stâncă.[3][7]
  • Italian rocca
  • French roche

Usage notes

A separate rocă, of unknown origin, is a Transylvanian name of the round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), also called rouă-cerului.[3][2][11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. rocă
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 719
  4. ^ a b DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 959
  5. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional
  6. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
  7. ^ a b c d Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
  8. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier, p. s.v. rocca
  9. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1133
  10. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 551
  11. ^ Panțu, Zach. C. (1929), Plantele cunoscute de poporul român. Vocabular botanic cuprinzând numirile române, franceze, germane și științifice, 2nd ed., București: Editura Casei Școalelor, p. 245

Related etymologies

  • casă · also from Italian
  • la · also from Italian
  • fugă · also from Italian
  • vioară · also from Italian
  • abate · also from Italian
  • arie · also from Italian
  • cameră · also from Italian
  • special · also from Italian
Cite this entry

“Rocă.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/roc%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·