Etymology and origin of the Romanian word rocă
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1862 the journal Isis More words from the 19th century
- Borrowed from
- Italian rocca
- Ultimate origin
- Medieval Latin rocca
Forms
rocă f (plural roci)[1] Besides roci the plural roce is used, as in Sadoveanu's un simplu adunător de roce “a mere collector of rocks”.[2][3]
Etymology
It is borrowed from Italian rocca, and the dictionaries also name French roc or roche as sources.[4][3][2][5][1] DEX gives Italian and compares French;[6][7] MDN gives both;[6][7] DN adds Latin.[6][7] The Italian word goes back to Medieval Latin rocca, of uncertain origin;[1] Nocentini considers it a pre-Latin substrate word, recorded in Latin glosses and documents from the 8th century, with its centre in Gallo-Romance.[8]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is in the journal Isis of 1862, in the geological sense.[3][2]
Semantic evolution
The word is a term of geology for the mineral aggregates that make up the Earth's crust, and the technical vocabulary distinguishes rocă metamorfică, rocă sedimentară and rocă eruptivă.[2] By extension it also means a boulder or crag;[3][9][10] Scriban and Șăineanu define it only as “cliff, rock”.[3][9][10] Topîrceanu used it figuratively for the “rock” of a heavy verse.[2]
Timeline
Meanings
Noun
- (geology) A rock: a natural aggregate of one or more minerals, of nearly uniform composition, that makes up the Earth's crust: rocă sedimentară “sedimentary rock”.[4][3][1]
- By extension, a boulder or crag; stâncă.[3][7]
Related words
- Italian rocca
- French roche
Usage notes
A separate rocă, of unknown origin, is a Transylvanian name of the round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), also called rouă-cerului.[3][2][11]
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. rocă
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 719
- ^ a b DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 959
- ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional
- ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
- ^ a b c d Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
- ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier, p. s.v. rocca
- ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1133
- ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 551
- ^ Panțu, Zach. C. (1929), Plantele cunoscute de poporul român. Vocabular botanic cuprinzând numirile române, franceze, germane și științifice, 2nd ed., București: Editura Casei Școalelor, p. 245
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Rocă.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/roc%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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