regulat

Forms

regulat m or n (feminine singular regulată, masculine plural regulați, feminine/neuter plural regulate)^[1]

Etymology

Used as an adjective and adverb, it is the past participle from Romanian regula (“to put in order, regulate”).^[2][3][1] MDA2 links it to regulă instead, while the DLR and Marcu's dictionary of neologisms take it from Latin rēgulātus, the DLR also from Italian regolato.^[4][5][6] The verb regula, recorded from 1825, comes from Latin rēgulō (“to direct, regulate”) and its Italian counterpart according to DEX and MDA2.^[2][7] Wiktionary gives French réguler as its source.^[1] The Latin verb is formed on rēgula (“rule”).^[1][8]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is a document of 1831 printed in the Uricariul, on a general assembly meeting „în sesiile regulate” “in its regular sessions”.^[5][4]

Semantic evolution

Asachi already uses it as an adverb, of the ant that comes regularly to the threshing floors.^[5] Barcianu gives it as both adjective and adverb.^[9] Costinescu's dictionary of 1870 adds “exact, punctual”, and Damé records a familiar sense “brought into line”.^[10][11] Șăineanu has the grammatical sense, verb regulat “regular verb”, and “in harmonious proportion”.^[12] MDA2 and DEX add the military sense, of permanent troops, and the geometrical one, poligon regulat “regular polygon”.^[4][2] Slang dictionaries record vulgar senses.^[13]

Timeline

• 1825 – the verb regula in the Lexicon de la Buda.^[7]
• 1831 – sesiile regulate “the regular sessions” in a document of the Uricariul.^[5]
• 1870 – Costinescu glosses it with French régulier.^[10]
• 1886 – Barcianu gives it as adjective and adverb, German regelmäßig, pünktlich.^[9]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Following a set rule; recurring in a fixed order without deviation: la intervale regulate “at regular intervals”.^[2][4]
2. steady, normal, usual; orderly, uniform;^[2][1] (grammar) verb regulat “regular verb”.^[2][1]
3. Organized by law or on a permanent footing; of troops, regular; systematized.^[2][4]
4. (geometry) With all sides and angles equal: poligon regulat “regular polygon”; of features, harmonious, symmetrical.^[2][4]

Adverb

1. regularly; as a rule, usually.^[14][4][1]

Word family

• neregulat

Related words

• regula
• regulă
• regular
• regla

Usage notes

MDA2 and the DLR record a variant lăgurat, formed by metathesis, and a regional răgulat.^[4][5]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 937
3. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. regulat
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 682
5. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. regulat
6. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. regulat
7. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 681
8. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
9. ^ a b Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 536
10. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 418
11. ^ Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État, p. s.v. regulat
12. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 542
13. ^ Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. regulat
14. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. regulat