registru

Forms

registru n (plural registre)^[1] Older forms are regestru, in Șincai's chronicle: „este șters din regestrul ostașilor” “he is struck off the soldiers' register”, and reghistru, in a document of 1849.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French registre, Italian registro and German Register, the multiple source DEX gives.^[4] MDA2 adds Latin register and English register, and the DLR derives the sense “record book” from Latin, German and French, the musical and technical senses from French, Italian and German.^[5][2] Tiktin speaks of multiple mediation, from Medieval Latin regestrum and the Latin word.^[3] The old form regestru reflects the Medieval Latin form.^[2] Wiktionary names French alone.^[1]

The French word (13th century) is an adaptation of Old French regeste “account, history”, reshaped after epistre (“epistle”).^[6] It comes from Late Latin regesta (“list, catalogue”), the neuter plural of regestus, past participle of regerō (“to carry back; to transcribe”), formed from re- and gerō (“to carry”).^[6][7] The German word is recorded from the 14th century, from Medieval Latin registrum; its sense “organ stop” goes back to the cord that brought a row of pipes into play.^[7][8]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the word to 1660, in the form registrom, which he quotes from Tamás.^[3] The sense of the early records is “list, record book”: Șincai's chronicle has regestrul ostașilor, the roll of soldiers.^[2] MDA2 cites Șincai as its first record, by the 1853 edition of the chronicle.^[5]

Semantic evolution

In the 19th century the word settled as the name of the book or ledger in which offices record acts and accounts;^[9][10] Laurian and Massim give registru de intrare și de ieșire, a register of incoming and outgoing papers, and Costinescu defines it as the book of daily business.^[9][10] Set phrases followed: registru de stare civilă “register of births, marriages and deaths”, registru de casă “cash book” and registru de bord “logbook”.^[5][4]

The musical sense, the range of a voice or instrument and an organ stop, is in Scriban and Șăineanu.^[11][12] Technical senses came later: a damper regulating a flue, a zone of a façade, the registration marks in printing, a device in telephone exchanges and, in computing, a storage area of the processor, for which MDA2 also gives a masculine plural registri.^[4][5] In criminal slang it means a criminal record.^[13]

Timeline

• 1660 – registrom, the first record.^[3]
• early 19th century – regestru in Șincai's chronicle.^[2][3]
• 1849 – reghistru in a document.^[2]
• 1855 – registrele “the registers” of church treasures.^[2]
• 1871–1876 – Laurian and Massim's dictionary records registru with French and Italian models.^[9]
• 1929 – the musical sense in Șăineanu's dictionary.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. A register, ledger or card file in which administrative or commercial data and acts are recorded;^[4][5] registru de bord “logbook”, registru de casă “cash book”, registru de stare civilă “register of births, marriages and deaths”.^[4][5]
2. A plate or damper of steel, cast iron or ceramic that regulates the draught or closes the flues of boilers and furnaces.^[4]
3. (architecture) The surface between two horizontal mouldings along a façade; each of the zones of a decorated surface.^[4]
4. (printing) The set of marks that make the print on the two sides of a sheet coincide.^[4]
5. Registrul navelor: an institution that sets technical standards for the building and operation of ships.^[4]
6. A device in automatic telephone exchanges that records the number called.^[4]
7. (music) The range of a voice or instrument between its lowest and highest notes without change of timbre; a set of organ pipes or buttons of the same timbre.^[4][14]
8. (computing) A device or memory area of a processor that holds information temporarily.^[4][5]
9. (slang) A criminal record.^[13]

Related words

• înregistra
• French registre

Usage notes

The plural is registre; in the computing sense MDA2 also gives the masculine plural registri.^[5]

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. registru
3. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. registru
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 936
5. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 680
6. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
7. ^ a b Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter
8. ^ Pfeifer, Wolfgang, et al. (1993), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 2nd ed., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; digital revised version in the DWDS, dwds.de
9. ^ a b c Laurian, A. T.; Massim, I. C. (1871–1876), Dictionariulu limbei romane, 2 vols., Bucuresci: Noua Typographia a Laboratoriloru Romani
10. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 416
11. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 1112
12. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 542
13. ^ a b Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu
14. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual