Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word pom

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
c. 1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin pomus
Ultimate origin
Latin pōmus

Forms

pom m (plural pomi)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin pōmus (“fruit tree”),[2][3][4][5][6][1] which stood beside pōmum (“fruit”), the source of poamă.[2][7] De Vaan explains the Latin word, with some doubt, as “what is taken off, picked”, from a prefix and the root of emō (“to take”);[8] Wiktionary reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *h₂po-h₁ém-os (“taken off”).[1]

The word survives south of the Danube: Aromanian pom and Megleno-Romanian pom.[2][9][10] Its Romance cognates include Italian pomo, Spanish pomo, Portuguese pomo, Occitan pom and Old French pome;[3] Pușcariu notes that the sense “apple” found in the west is unknown in Romanian.[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is the articled plural pomii “the trees” in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki (early 16th century), Psalm 103:18.[11] Tiktin dates the word to 1528 in the Slavonic–Romanian documents.[6] Coresi's Evanghelie cu învățătură (1581) has „Vedem și pământului răsărindu-i iarbă și pomii înflorind” “we see grass springing from the earth and the trees blossoming”.[12][4]

Semantic evolution

The core sense is “fruit tree”, and by extension any tree;[5][13] Marian noted that in Wallachia pom also meant a tree bearing no fruit.[5][13] The Bucharest Bible of 1688 has the proverb-like verse „Tot pomul bun poame bune face” “every good tree brings forth good fruit”.[6][14]

Pomul mortului is a small tree or branch hung with fruit, pretzels and sweets that is carried before a funeral procession and set up on the grave.[6][5] In Oltenia a decorated fir set up at a wedding is called pom.[15] Pom de Crăciun “Christmas tree” was criticised by Scriban as a translation of French arbre and German Baum, since the fir is not a fruit tree.[16] DEX 1998 gives pom de iarnă “winter tree” beside it.[17] The colloquial a fi în pom means “to be in a fix”.[5][4]

Timeline

  • c. 1500–1520 – pomii in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.[11]
  • 1528 – a record in the Slavonic–Romanian documents.[6]
  • 1581 – pomii in Coresi's Evanghelie cu învățătură.[4][12]
  • 1582 – „toți pomii” “all the trees” in a text of that year.[12]
  • 1688 – pomul 12 times in the Bucharest Bible.[14]
  • 1825 – pomu “fruit tree” in the Lexicon de la Buda.[18]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A fruit tree, wild or cultivated; by extension any tree.[5][4][1]
  2. pom de Crăciun (also pom de iarnă): a Christmas tree, a fir decorated with ornaments and presents.[5][17]
  3. pomul mortului: a small tree or branch hung with fruit and sweets, carried before a funeral procession and set on the grave.[5][6]

Word family

  • pomet
  • pomușel
  • pomărit
  • pomișor

Usage notes

Scriban quotes the proverb Nici salcia pom, nici mojicul om “the willow is no fruit tree and the boor is no man”.[16]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. pom
  3. ^ a b c Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 118
  4. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 458
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 846
  6. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. pom
  7. ^ Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main, p. 211
  8. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  9. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 871
  10. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 228
  11. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 103:18
  12. ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. pom
  13. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 492
  14. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Mt 7:17
  15. ^ Cazacu, Boris (coord.) et al. (1967), Glosar dialectal. Oltenia, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 86
  16. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1013
  17. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan” (1998), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române, 2nd ed., București: Univers Enciclopedic, p. 821
  18. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 522

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Pom.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/pom. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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