Etymology and origin of the Romanian word pom
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- c. 1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
- Inherited from
- Latin pomus
- Ultimate origin
- Latin pōmus
Forms
pom m (plural pomi)[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin pōmus (“fruit tree”),[2][3][4][5][6][1] which stood beside pōmum (“fruit”), the source of poamă.[2][7] De Vaan explains the Latin word, with some doubt, as “what is taken off, picked”, from a prefix and the root of emō (“to take”);[8] Wiktionary reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *h₂po-h₁ém-os (“taken off”).[1]
The word survives south of the Danube: Aromanian pom and Megleno-Romanian pom.[2][9][10] Its Romance cognates include Italian pomo, Spanish pomo, Portuguese pomo, Occitan pom and Old French pome;[3] Pușcariu notes that the sense “apple” found in the west is unknown in Romanian.[3]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is the articled plural pomii “the trees” in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki (early 16th century), Psalm 103:18.[11] Tiktin dates the word to 1528 in the Slavonic–Romanian documents.[6] Coresi's Evanghelie cu învățătură (1581) has „Vedem și pământului răsărindu-i iarbă și pomii înflorind” “we see grass springing from the earth and the trees blossoming”.[12][4]
Semantic evolution
The core sense is “fruit tree”, and by extension any tree;[5][13] Marian noted that in Wallachia pom also meant a tree bearing no fruit.[5][13] The Bucharest Bible of 1688 has the proverb-like verse „Tot pomul bun poame bune face” “every good tree brings forth good fruit”.[6][14]
Pomul mortului is a small tree or branch hung with fruit, pretzels and sweets that is carried before a funeral procession and set up on the grave.[6][5] In Oltenia a decorated fir set up at a wedding is called pom.[15] Pom de Crăciun “Christmas tree” was criticised by Scriban as a translation of French arbre and German Baum, since the fir is not a fruit tree.[16] DEX 1998 gives pom de iarnă “winter tree” beside it.[17] The colloquial a fi în pom means “to be in a fix”.[5][4]
Timeline
- c. 1500–1520 – pomii in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.[11]
- 1528 – a record in the Slavonic–Romanian documents.[6]
- 1581 – pomii in Coresi's Evanghelie cu învățătură.[4][12]
- 1582 – „toți pomii” “all the trees” in a text of that year.[12]
- 1688 – pomul 12 times in the Bucharest Bible.[14]
- 1825 – pomu “fruit tree” in the Lexicon de la Buda.[18]
Meanings
Noun
- A fruit tree, wild or cultivated; by extension any tree.[5][4][1]
- pom de Crăciun (also pom de iarnă): a Christmas tree, a fir decorated with ornaments and presents.[5][17]
- pomul mortului: a small tree or branch hung with fruit and sweets, carried before a funeral procession and set on the grave.[5][6]
Word family
- pomet
- pomușel
- pomărit
- pomișor
Related words
Usage notes
Scriban quotes the proverb Nici salcia pom, nici mojicul om “the willow is no fruit tree and the boor is no man”.[16]
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. pom
- ^ a b c Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 118
- ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 458
- ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 846
- ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. pom
- ^ Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main, p. 211
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 871
- ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 228
- ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 103:18
- ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. pom
- ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 492
- ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Mt 7:17
- ^ Cazacu, Boris (coord.) et al. (1967), Glosar dialectal. Oltenia, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 86
- ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1013
- ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan” (1998), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române, 2nd ed., București: Univers Enciclopedic, p. 821
- ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 522
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Pom.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/pom. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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