poezie

Forms

poezie f (plural poezii)^[1] Ioan Molnar used a neuter poez, plural poezuri: „stihurile și poezurile” “verses and poems” (1798).^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French poésie,^[4][1][5] with Latin poēsis, Italian poesia and German Poesie also named as models by MDA2 and the DLR.^[3][2] Marcu and Maneca give French and Italian, comparing Latin and Greek.^[6]

The French word comes through Latin from Ancient Greek ποίησις (poíēsis, “making, creation; poetry”),^[1][7] a noun of ποιέω (poiéō, “to make, create”).^[7][8]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to about 1792, the title Poezii noo alcătuite “Newly composed poems” by Ioan Cantacuzino, the first book of verse printed in Romanian.^[9][2] MDA2's first record is Ioan Molnar's Retorică of 1798.^[3]

Semantic evolution

From the start the word meant both a poem and poetry as an art: the DLR quotes Mumuleanu's writings în poezii and the musa poeziei lirice in Bojincă.^[2] Budai-Deleanu still felt that poesie could be used where the old word was lacking.^[2] In Eminescu, poetry is asked what it is, “a pale angel with pure eyes”.^[9] The collective sense, all the poems of a poet or a people, and the figurative “poetic charm” of a landscape or a situation, are later.^[4][3][10] MDA2 also records an obsolete sense “poetics”.^[3]

Timeline

• c. 1792 – Poezii noo alcătuite, the title of Ioan Cantacuzino's book of verse.^[9][2]
• 1798 – the neuter poez, plural poezuri, in Molnar's Retorică.^[3][2]
• 1825 – poezie in the Lexicon de la Buda.^[11]
• 1848 – poesie “the art of writing verse” in Negulici's vocabulary.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. Poetry: the kind of literature that conveys its message through images, concentrated language, rhythm and rimă.^[4][3]
2. A poem, a literary work in verse, usually short: a învățat o poezie pe de rost.^[4][3]
3. All the poems of a poet, a literary movement or a people: poezia populară.^[4][3]
4. (figurative) The poetic quality of a work, a landscape or a situation; charm, beauty.^[4][3]

Word family

• poezioară

Related words

• poet
• poem
• poetic
• French poésie

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. poezie
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 442
4. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 840
5. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. poezie
6. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. poezie
7. ^ a b Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter
8. ^ Pfeifer, Wolfgang, et al. (1993), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 2nd ed., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; digital revised version in the DWDS, dwds.de
9. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. poezie
10. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 1006
11. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 518
12. ^ Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. 317