pănăta

Forms

pănăta (third-person singular present panătă or pănătează, past participle pănătat) 1st conjugation^[1] The Psaltirea Scheiană has the rhotacized form părăta: „Unul iaste Hristos cel ce părătă derept noi” “one is Christ, who suffered for us”.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin paeniteō (“to cause regret; to regret”), with a change of conjugation.^[4][5][1] The etymology is Candrea and Densusianu's and Tiktin's, and the REW has it;^[4][6] Tiktin gives it with some hesitation.^[4][6] The REW sets beside it Old French peneir, Occitan penedir and Catalan penedir-se.^[7] The Latin verb is perhaps related to paene (“almost”).^[1][8]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Coresi's Psalter of 1570, Psalm 37:6: „Pănătai și zgârcii-mă până în cumplit” “I suffered and was bowed down utterly”.^[9][6] In the same verse the Psaltirea Scheiană has părătaiu.^[6][2]

Semantic evolution

In the 16th-century texts the verb means “to suffer”: it renders a Slavonic verb of suffering in the psalm and describes Christ's passion in the Athanasian Creed of the Psaltirea Scheiană.^[6][2] It later dropped out of the standard language.^[1] In Transylvania it survived in the sense “to lament, to complain”, also reflexive;^[5][10] Densusianu recorded a să pănăta “to wail, to mourn” in the Hațeg area.^[5][10]

Timeline

• 1570 – pănătai “I suffered” in Coresi's Psalter.^[9]
• c. 1573–1578 – părăta in the Psaltirea Scheiană, MDA2's first record.^[5][2]
• 1577 – pănătai again in Coresi's second Psalter.^[9]
• 1915 – a să pănăta “to mourn” in the Hațeg area.^[10]

Meanings

Verb

1. (obsolete, intransitive) to suffer.^[4][2][5][1]
2. (regional, Transylvania; also reflexive) to lament, to complain.^[5][10]

Usage notes

MDA2 also records a variant bănăta and the present forms panăt and pănătez.^[5]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. pănăta
3. ^ Candrea, I.-A. (1916), Psaltirea Scheiană comparată cu celelalte psaltiri din sec. XVI și XVII traduse din slavonește, vol. II: Glosarele, București: Socec, p. 350
4. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. pănăta
5. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 300
6. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. pănăta
7. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ a b c Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 37:6
10. ^ a b c d Densusianu, Ovid (1915), Graiul din Țara Hațegului, București: Socec, p. 326