negocia

Forms

negocia (third-person singular present negociază, past participle negociat), 1st conjugation^[1] The older form negoția appears in the first record: the sultan „voiește a se negoția cu Rusia” “wishes to negotiate with Russia”.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French négocier, as DEX, the DLR, MDA2, MDN and DILF agree.^{[4][2][3][5][6]} Ciorănescu lists it, from French, among the words of the negoț family.^[7] Marcu and Maneca compare the Latin verb.^[8] The French verb was borrowed from Latin negōtior (“to do business, trade”), formed on negōtium (“business”).^[1][9]

Romanian has an inherited doublet, neguța “to trade, bargain”.^[1] Ciorănescu derives it from negoț, itself from the Latin noun, while Pușcariu and Candrea–Densusianu take it straight from the Latin verb.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2 and the DLR date the first record to 1829, in the form negoția: the sultan let it be known that he accepted a treaty and wished to negotiate with Russia.^[3][2] The first sense is thus diplomatic, “to negotiate an agreement”.^[2]

Semantic evolution

From treaties the verb passed to private dealings: a calendar of 1859 speaks of someone who „propune și negoțiază căsătoriile” “proposes and arranges marriages”.^[2] In banking it meant to sell or discount bills and securities, and Maiorescu writes of going to Paris „pentru a negoția renta” “to negotiate the annuity loan”.^[2] Șăineanu and CADE still give “to trade” as its first sense, which DEX no longer lists.^[10][11][4] In familiar speech it can mean to haggle over a price.^[3]

Timeline

• 1829 – a se negoția “to negotiate” with Russia, the first record.^[3][2]
• 1859 – arranging marriages, in a calendar.^[2]
• 1929 – Șăineanu gives “to trade”, “to deal with someone” and “to transfer a bill”.^[10]
• 1931 – CADE records the same three senses.^[11]

Meanings

Verb

1. (transitive) To negotiate an economic, political or cultural agreement with someone: Cele două țări au negociat un tratat.^[4][3]
2. (transitive) To mediate a business deal or a marriage.^[4][2]
3. (transitive) To carry out commercial operations such as the sale of securities or annuities.^[4][3]
4. (familiar) To agree on the price of goods; to haggle.^[3]

Word family

• negociere
• negociator

Related words

• negoț
• neguța
• negustor

Usage notes

The verb is pronounced with -ci-a in separate syllables, and its present is negociez.^[4][2]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. negocia
3. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 126
4. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 703
5. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. negocia
6. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. negocia
7. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. negoț
8. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. negocia
9. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
10. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 424
11. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. negocia