muzică

Forms

muzică f (plural muzici)^[1] Older texts and dictionaries spell it musică: Alecsandri has „Iubiți musica?” “Do you love music?”.^[2][3] MDA2 records the regional variants mojică, mozgă and mozucă, and an old plural muzice.^[4]

Etymology

It is a learned word with several sources, the usual case for Romanian neologisms: DEX and DLR give its sources as borrowed from Latin musica, Italian musica, French musique and German Musik, and MDA2 and DLR add Hungarian muzsika.^[5][2][4] Tiktin derives it from the Italian word, directly or through other languages, and Ciorănescu from the French one.^[6][7] The Latin word is from Ancient Greek μουσική (mousikḗ), short for μουσικὴ τέχνη (mousikḕ tékhnē, “the art of the Muses”), from μουσικός (mousikós, “musical”), from Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”).^[1][8]

An older word for music came from Byzantine Greek: musichie “music, Gregorian chant”, from Byzantine Greek μουσική (mousikḗ), compare Old Church Slavonic моусикиꙗ (musikija).^[7][9][10] Ciorănescu treats it as a doublet of the modern word.^[7] Aromanian muzică is from Italian, according to Papahagi and Ciorănescu; Bulgarian музика (muzika) and the Turkish word are related.^[7][11][12]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is the Romanian translation of Herodotus of 1645, where someone quarrels with Apollo „pentru giucătură de muzică” “over a contest of music”; there the word means a piece or performance of music.^[2][4][6]

Semantic evolution

In the late 17th century Dosoftei uses the word for the art of music, and the Bible of 1688 has the plural muzicile.^[2][13] Amiras tells how Prince Cantemir showed the Turks “the craft of music, that is, singing”.^[2]

Other senses came from the art: a work of music or its performance, a band or orchestra, and by extension a military brass band.^[5][4] Regionally the word names the harmonica, the accordion and even a willow-bark whistle.^[4][7] Colloquially a face muzică means to make a racket or a scene, or to cry, and in slang muzică is the mouth, so that a-și ține muzica is “to keep quiet”.^[4][7][14]

Timeline

• 1645 – muzică in the Romanian translation of Herodotus, the first record.^[4][6]
• 1682–1686 – the art of music, in Dosoftei's lives of the saints.^[2]
• 1688 – the plural muzicile in the Bucharest Bible.^[13]
• 1876 – conservatorul de musică “the conservatory of music” in a document on the Iași conservatory.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. music: the art of expressing feelings and ideas by sounds combined in a particular way.^[5][1]
2. The science of sounds with regard to melody, rhythm and harmony.^[5]
3. A musical work, a melody or song; by extension, its performance or hearing.^[5] A-i face (cuiva) muzică (colloquial): to make a fuss or a scene.^[5]
4. An orchestra, and muzică militară is a military brass band.^[5]
5. (regional) A harmonica or an accordion.^[4][7]
6. (slang) The mouth.^[4][7]

Word family

• muzicuță
• muzicesc

Related words

• muzical
• muzicant
• muzic
• Aromanian muzică

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. muzică
3. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. muzică
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 90
5. ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 687
6. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. muzică
7. ^ a b c d e f g h Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. muzică
8. ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; Jones, Henry Stuart (1940), A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press
9. ^ Gáldi, Ladislas (1939), Les mots d'origine néo-grecque en roumain à l'époque des Phanariotes, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, p. 212
10. ^ Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
11. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne
12. ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I. et al. (eds.) (1971–), Bălgarski etimologičen rečnik, Sofija: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata akademija na naukite, p. 4, 307
13. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Sir 32:4
14. ^ Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. muzică