mândrie

Forms

mândrie f (plural mândrii)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian mândru + -ie.^[2][3][4][1] The adjective, first “wise”, then “proud”, is from Old Church Slavonic мѫдръ (mǫdrŭ, “wise”), from Proto-Slavic *mǫdrъ.^[5][1] DER lists the noun among its derivatives, with the old sense “wisdom” beside “pride”.^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583), in the sense “wisdom”: „Neștinre de voi lipsitu iaste de mîndrie … se ceară de la Dumnedzeu” “if any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask it of God” (James 1:5); the New Testament of 1648 and the Bible of 1688 put înțelepciune there.^[2][4][6] Coresi's psalter of 1570 already has it.^[7]

Semantic evolution

Old Romanian used the word as Slavonic used its source: “wisdom, skill”, a wise deed, a thought; the Palia of 1581 calls the Book of Wisdom Cartea mîndriei lui Solomon.^[4][2] Rarer old senses were “kindness, generosity” and “close attachment”.^[4] Șăineanu explains the shift to the modern meaning through an intermediate sense, excessive cleverness turning into haughtiness.^[8]

The sense “pride, arrogance” follows the same turn of the adjective and is already in the Bible of 1688: „Oamenii direpți ce urăsc mândria” “just men who hate pride” (Exodus 18:21).^[6][9] Klein's dictionary of 1801 glosses it with Latin superbia, arrogantia.^[10] From the 19th century the word also has a good sense: satisfaction, self-respect, national pride, and that which a person is proud of.^[4][3] An old sense “splendour, luxury” is in Neculce.^[4][6]

Timeline

• c. 1563–1583 – mîndrie “wisdom” in the Codicele Voronețean.^[2][4]
• 1570 – mîndrie in Coresi's psalter.^[7]
• c. 1573–1578 – mîndria in the Psaltirea Scheiană (Psalm 50).^[6][11]
• 1581 – Cartea mîndriei lui Solomon, the Book of Wisdom, in the Palia de la Orăștie.^[4]
• 1649 – mîndrie in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.^[12]
• 1688 – mândria “pride” in the Bucharest Bible.^[9][6]
• 1801 – Latin superbia, arrogantia as its gloss in Klein's dictionary.^[10]

Meanings

Noun

1. pride in the good sense: satisfaction, pleasure, joy, and what causes them; a feeling of dignity and confidence in one's own worth: a vorbit cu mândrie despre copiii lui.^[3][2]
2. That which is a reason for praise or boasting: podul acesta e mândria orașului.^[3]
3. Excessive confidence in one's own worth; orgoliu, trufie, arrogance.^[3][2][1]
4. (obsolete) wisdom, understanding.^[2][4]

Related words

• mândru
• mândri
• mândrețe
• Old Church Slavonic мѫдръ (mǫdrŭ)

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1469
3. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 633
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. mândrie
5. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. mândru
6. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. mândríe
7. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 89:14
8. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 380
9. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Exodus 18:21
10. ^ a b Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 395
11. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 50:7
12. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. mîndrie