lard

Forms

lard n (plural larduri)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin lardum (“bacon fat”), the contracted form of lāridum.^{[2][3][4][5][1][6]} Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu and the REW agree on it.^[2] It has a match in Istro-Romanian lǫrd, and Romance cognates include Italian lardo, Sardinian lardu, French lard, Catalan llard, Spanish lardo and Portuguese lardo.^[2][7] The origin of the Latin word is unclear; de Vaan thinks it most likely cognate with or borrowed from Ancient Greek λαρινός (larinós, “fat, fattened”).^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is the Banat glossary of the Anonymus Caransebesiensis, which Tiktin dates to about 1670 and MDA2 to 1650–1700; it also has the derivative lărdos “fatty”.^[8][3][7] Klein's dictionary of 1801 and the Lexicon de la Buda gloss it with Latin lāridum.^[9][10]

Semantic evolution

The word lives only in Transylvania and the Banat, where it stands for the common slănină and clisă;^[2][9][11] CADE specifies fat bacon.^[2][9][11] Pușcariu noted that the Apuseni Mountains kept lard instead of slănină.^[4] The insect name lărdar (Dermestes lardarius) is a learned formation rather than a folk one.^[2]

Timeline

• c. 1670 – the Anonymus Caransebesiensis, the first record, with lărdos.^[8][7]
• 1801 – Klein's dictionary.^[9]
• 1825 – lard, plural larduri, in the Lexicon de la Buda.^[10]

Meanings

Noun

1. (regional, Transylvania and Banat) Fat bacon, slănină; pork fat.^[5][4][2][1]

Word family

• lărdos
• lărdar

Related words

• Latin lardum

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. lard
3. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1312
4. ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. lard
5. ^ a b DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 577
6. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
7. ^ a b c Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. s.v. lard
8. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. lard
9. ^ a b c d Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 242
10. ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 343
11. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. lard