juriu

Forms

juriu n (plural jurii)^[1] The plural is jurii; the older plural juriuri is in Odobescu: „Guvernele sânt silite a numi judecători sau juriuri” “governments are forced to appoint judges or juries”.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French jury.^[4][3][2][1] Marcu and Maneca also compare English, from which French took the word: English jury goes back to Old French juree (“oath; judicial inquiry”), the feminine past participle of the verb for “to swear” used as a noun.^[5][2][6] French borrowed it in 1588 for the English institution and adopted it for its own juries in 1790; from 1793 it also named a board of examiners.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2's first record is in Odobescu's collected writings (1887), where governments appoint „judecători sau juriuri” “judges or juries”.^[3][2]

Semantic evolution

The first sense was the twelve jurors of a court of assizes, the Curte cu jurați, who decided on the guilt of the accused.^[2][7] As in French, the word was extended to a board that examines and ranks candidates: Maiorescu speaks of the juries of competitions made up of the professors, and in 1930 Universul writes of a jury awarding a national sports title.^[2] This second sense now comes first in the dictionaries.^[4]

Timeline

• 1887 – juriuri “juries” in Odobescu's writings, the first record.^[3][2]
• 1930 – a sports jury, in the newspaper Universul.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. A panel of specialists that ranks candidates or competitors and awards prizes at examinations, contests or sports events.^[4][1]
2. A jury: the body of jurors of a court with a jury, in the states that have one.^[4][3]

Related words

• jurat
• English jury

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. juriu
3. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1295
4. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 570
5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. juriu
6. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. jury
7. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 352