intern

Forms

intern m or n (feminine singular internă, masculine plural interni, feminine/neuter plural interne)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French interne, with Latin internus (“internal”) as a second model.^[2][3][1] MDA2 and Tiktin give only the French word, Scriban only the Latin one, and Marcu & Maneca compare Italian interno as well.^[4][5][6][7]

The Latin adjective is formed on inter (“between, among”) with the suffix -nus.^[8][1] French borrowed it from Latin; it is recorded as a noun in the 14th century and as an adjective from about 1560, first in medicine for what affects the inside of the body.^[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to about 1830.^[5] Negulici's vocabulary of 1848 has both senses: “which is inside” and a pupil who lives in a boarding school.^[10] MDA2's first record is Hasdeu's comedy Trei crai de la răsărit of 1879.^[4]

Semantic evolution

The adjective took on the set phrases of French: boală internă “internal disease”, the unghi intern “interior angle” of geometry and afacerile interne “home affairs”, from which Ministerul de Interne “the Ministry of the Interior” is shortened.^[6] Later technical phrases include motor cu ardere internă “internal combustion engine”, piață internă “home market” and de uz intern “for internal use”.^[4][2]

As a noun it named a boarder at a school from the start, and by 1931 also a medical student who lived in a hospital and assisted the doctors.^[10][11] Tiktin records an older form entern.^[5]

Timeline

• c. 1830 – first record.^[5]
• 1848 – in Negulici's vocabulary, as “inside” and for a pupil boarding at school.^[10]
• 1870 – in Costinescu's dictionary, as adjective and noun.^[12]
• 1879 – in Hasdeu's comedy Trei crai de la răsărit.^[4]
• 1931 – CADE records the medical student living in a hospital.^[11]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Situated inside an object, a body or a space; internal, interior: organe interne “internal organs”, boli interne “internal diseases”, motor cu ardere internă “internal combustion engine”.^[2][4]
2. Taking place within a state, an institution or an organism: piață internă “home market”.^[4][13]
3. de (sau pentru) uz intern: of medicines, taken by mouth; of documents, to be consulted only inside an institution.^[2]

Noun

1. A pupil or apprentice who lives in a boarding school or at his place of training; a boarder.^[2]
2. A medical student admitted by competition to practise in a hospital; a hospital doctor appointed by competition; an intern.^[2][4]

Related words

• Latin internus

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 516
3. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. intern
4. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1150
5. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. intern
6. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 651
7. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. intern
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
10. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. intern
11. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. intern
12. ^ Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 555
13. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. intern