imediat

Forms

imediat (adjective: feminine singular imediată, masculine plural imediați, feminine plural imediate)^[2]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French immédiat, with Latin immediātus (“without anything between”) as a second source, a 19th-century neologism.^{[2][3][4][5][1]} Tiktin names only the French adjective and its adverb immédiatement.^[6] The Late Latin word was formed of in- (“not”) and mediātus, from medius (“middle”), and is a calque of Ancient Greek ἄμεσος (ámesos).^[7][1] French borrowed it in 1382.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1835, with the adverb “at once” and the adjective “directly following”.^[6] Negulici's dictionary of neologisms of 1848 has immediat “happening or following without anything between, at once”.^[8]

Semantic evolution

The first sense was “without an intermediary, direct”, as in cauză imediată “immediate cause”, and “directly next”, as in succesor imediat.^[5][9] The time sense, “without delay”, came to dominate, and the adverb imediat “at once” is now the common use.^[2][5] Negulici in 1848 and Costinescu in 1870 still spelled it with mm, after the French and Latin.^[8][10]

Timeline

• 1835 – the first record.^[6]
• 1848 – immediat in Negulici's dictionary.^[8]
• 1870 – immediatŭ in Costinescu's dictionary.^[10]

Meanings

Adverb

1. immediately, at once, without delay: Vin imediat.^[2][1]
2. Right now, at this moment.^[11]

Adjective

1. immediate: happening without delay; of first urgency: măsuri imediate.^[2][4]
2. Very close in space or order; next: în imediata apropiere “in the immediate vicinity”.^[2][5]
3. Acting without an intermediary, direct;^[5][3] nemijlocit.^[5][3]

Related words

• mediat
• mijloc
• French immédiat

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 492
3. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1115
4. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. imediat
5. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. imediat
6. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. imediat
7. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. immédiat
8. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. immediat
9. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. imediat
10. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 529
11. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. imediat