haide

Forms

Variants: haida, aide, aida; with verb endings, haidem “let's go” and haideți “come on (all of you)”.^[2][3][1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Ottoman Turkish هایده (hayde), or هایدی (haydi), a word of urging.^{[4][5][3][1][6]} NODEX also names Bulgarian.^[7] Tietze derives the Turkish word from the exclamation Turkish ha or hay with a deictic ending.^[8] Nişanyan takes it as the imperative of a phrase meaning “to say hay”.^[9]

The word spread to all the Balkan languages: Modern Greek άιντε (áinte), Albanian haide and Serbo-Croatian hajde.^[4][6][5] Romanian treated it as an imperative and gave it the endings of the first and second person plural, haidem and haideți.^[4] Ciorănescu sees the same forms copied in hajdemo and hajdete.^[4] Istro-Romanian took aide from Serbian.^[6] The shorter hai is a variant of it.^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin finds it first about 1670 in the glossary of the Anonymus Caransebesiensis.^[5] MDA2 cites Miron Costin's chronicle, and Wiktionary dates the first record to 1675.^[3][1] It called on someone to move: “come on, let's go”.^[5]

Semantic evolution

From an order to go or come it widened to any urging to act, often impatient and repeated.^[2] It can also coax someone, or mark the start of an action in narrative: luă toporul și haide la treabă “he took the axe and set to work”.^[2] Doubled, haide-hai means “slowly, with difficulty”.^[2] Haida-de! rejects an opinion or behaviour, and DA records haida de “so be it”.^[2][10]

Timeline

• c. 1670 – in the Anonymus Caransebesiensis.^[5]
• 1675 – haida in Miron Costin's chronicle.^[3][1]
• 1900 – Șăineanu traces it to Turkish in his work on the oriental element.^[6]

Meanings

Interjection

1. Come on! An urging to act, often impatient and repeated: haide, haide, grăbește-te!^[2][1]
2. Used to coax or calm someone.^[2]
3. As an imperative of motion: come! let's go!; with endings, haidem “let's go”, haideți “come on, all of you”.^[2][5]
4. haide-hai: slowly, with difficulty.^[2]
5. haida-de!: nonsense, come off it;^[2] haide-haide: a gentle reproach.^[2]

Word family

• hai

Related words

• Ottoman Turkish هایده (hayde)

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 456
3. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1036
4. ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. haide
5. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. haide
6. ^ a b c d Șăineanu, Lazăr (1900), Influența orientală asupra limbei și culturei române, vol. I: Introducerea; vol. II.1: Vorbele populare; vol. II.2: Vorbele istorice, literare, Indice, București: Socec, p. II, 195
7. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. haide
8. ^ Tietze, Andreas (2002–2018), Tarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lugatı, Istanbul: Simurg; Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences
9. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan, Nişanyan Sözlük: Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojisi (online edition)
10. ^ Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. haide