garanție

Forms

garanție f (plural garanții)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French garantie, with Italian garanzia as a second source; these are the two sources that DEX, MDA2, Tiktin and Marcu & Maneca give.^[2][3][4][5] The DLRM and Wiktionary name only French.^[6][1] The French noun is derived from garantir (“to guarantee”), from garant (“guarantor”), which goes back to Frankish *warand (“a warrant”).^[1] Nocentini gives the Frankish word as *wārend (“one who vouches for the truth”), the present participle of *wārjan.^[7] The Italian word, recorded from 1666, was itself taken from French.^[8][7]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2's first record is a document of before 1776 in the Uricariul collection;^[3][4] Tiktin's is a text of 1782.^[3][4] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 explains it as the duty to answer for another, a chezășie “surety”.^[9]

Semantic evolution

The word took over much of the ground of the older chezășie “surety, bail”, which Negulici, Costinescu and Scriban use to explain it.^[9][10][11] Costinescu (1870) records it in trade: a vinde cu garanție “to sell with a guarantee”, and in the sense of the security that makes a thing certain.^[10] CADE (1931) defines the legal sense, the duty to pay another's debt if he does not.^[12] The verb garanta (1848) and the noun garant came separately from French.^[13][3]

Wiktionary takes Bulgarian гаранция (garancija), recorded from 1872, from the Romanian word.^[1]

Timeline

• before 1776 – the first record, in a document of the Uricariul collection.^[3]
• 1782 – Tiktin's first record.^[4]
• 1848 – Negulici: the obligation to answer for another.^[9]
• 1848 – the verb garanta.^[13]
• 1870 – a vinde cu garanție “to sell with a guarantee” in Costinescu.^[10]

Meanings

Noun

1. An obligation by which a person or an institution answers for something; a guarantee.^[2][3]
2. A legal means of making sure that a material obligation is carried out.^[2][3]
3. (concrete) What serves as security that an obligation will be kept: a pledge, collateral: Banca i-a cerut casa drept garanție.^[2][3]

Related words

• garant
• garanta

Usage notes

Set phrases: a lua pe garanție “to vouch for”, pe garanția cuiva “on someone's responsibility”, a da garanție “to give assurances” and a prezenta garanție “to inspire trust”.^[2][3] The DLRM also records pe garanția cuiva colloquially in the sense “surely, without a doubt”.^[6]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 426
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 964
4. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. garanție
5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
6. ^ a b Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne
7. ^ a b Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
8. ^ Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
9. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București
10. ^ a b c Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 470
11. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 541
12. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească
13. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. garanta