furios

Forms

furios m or n (feminine singular furioasă, masculine plural furioși, feminine/neuter plural furioase)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French furieux, and also Latin furiōsus (“raging, mad”), as DEX, MDA2 and MDN give it.^[2][3][4][5] Tiktin derives it from Italian furioso instead, Scriban from the Latin alone.^[6][7] Wiktionary describes it as from Romanian furie + -os on the model of the French and Latin words, and Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of furie, from French.^[1][8] Gabinschi counts it among the European words of Latin origin, taken from French and German.^[9]

The Latin adjective is formed on furia (“fury, rage”) with the suffix -ōsus.^[10][1] The French word is from Old French furieus, itself borrowed from the Latin.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is from Costache Negruzzi, in 1829, in the sense “angry”.^[6] MDA2 cites it from Nicolae Bălcescu's history of Michael the Brave, in the edition of 1878.^[3]

Semantic evolution

The word applied first to people and animals seized by rage, and to their looks and acts.^[2][3] Costinescu (1870) already uses it of things as well, in the sense “violent, impetuous”.^[11] The sense “violent” for the elements of nature (vânt furios “a raging wind”) is in the modern dictionaries, and the adjective is also used as an adverb: a ataca furios “to attack furiously”.^[2][7]

Timeline

• 1829 – in Costache Negruzzi, the first record.^[6]
• 1870 – Costinescu's dictionary, also of things: “violent, impetuous”.^[11]
• 1878 – in the edition of Bălcescu's history of Michael the Brave.^[3]

Meanings

Adjective

1. furious, seized with rage, very angry (of people, animals and their acts).^[2][3][1]
2. (adverbial) Furiously, with rage.^[2][3]
3. (of the elements) violent, very strong.^[2][3]

Related words

• furie
• înfuria
• furibund

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 421
3. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 955
4. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. furios
5. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. 2
6. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. furios
7. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 535
8. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. furie
9. ^ Gabinschi, Marcu (2001), Dicționar de dublete etimologice ale limbii române, 2nd ed., Chișinău: Litera, p. 107
10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
11. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 464